Aceituno-Aceituno Pedro, Melchor Lorenzo, Danvila-Del-Valle Joaquín, Bousoño-Calzón Carlos
Departamento de Administración y Dirección de Empresas y Economía, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Collado Villalba (Madrid), España.
Independent Researcher, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 15;12(3):e0173204. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173204. eCollection 2017.
The big problem in global public health, arising from the international migration of physicians from less-developed to more-developed countries, increases if this migration also affects scientists dedicated to health areas. This article analyzes critical variables in the processes of Spanish scientific mobility in Health Sciences to articulate effective management policies for the benefit of national public health services and the balance between local and global science.
This study develops a survey to measure and analyze the following crucial variables: research career, training, funding, working with a world-class team, institutional prestige, wages, facilities/infrastructure, working conditions in the organization of the destination country, fringe benefits in the organization of the destination country and social responsibility in the organization of the departure country. A total of 811 researchers have participated in the survey, of which 293 were from the health sector: Spanish scientists abroad (114), scientists that have returned to Spain (32) and young researchers in Spain (147).
The most crucial variables for Spanish scientists and young researchers in Spain in Health Sciences moving abroad are the cumulative advantages (research career, training, funding and institutional prestige) plus wages. On the other hand, the return of Spanish scientists in the Health Sciences is influenced by cumulative variables (working with a world-class team, research career and institutional prestige) and also by other variables related to social factors, such as working conditions and fringe benefits in the destination country. Permanent positions are rare for these groups and their decisions regarding mobility depend to a large extent on job opportunities.
Spanish health organizations can influence researchers to return, since these decisions mainly depend on job opportunities. These organizations can complement the cumulative advantages offered by the wealthier countries with the intensification of social factors.
医生从欠发达国家向较发达国家的国际迁移引发了全球公共卫生领域的重大问题，如果这种迁移也影响到致力于卫生领域的科学家，问题将更加严重。本文分析了西班牙健康科学领域科研人员流动过程中的关键变量，以制定有效的管理政策，造福国家公共卫生服务，并平衡地方科学与全球科学。
本研究开展了一项调查，以测量和分析以下关键变量：研究职业生涯、培训、资金、与世界级团队合作、机构声望、工资、设施/基础设施、目的国机构的工作条件、目的国机构的福利待遇以及出发国机构的社会责任。共有811名研究人员参与了调查，其中293名来自卫生部门：在国外的西班牙科学家（114名）、已返回西班牙的科学家（32名）以及西班牙的年轻研究人员（147名）。
对于西班牙健康科学领域的科学家以及西班牙的年轻研究人员而言，前往国外的最关键变量是累积优势（研究职业生涯、培训、资金和机构声望）加上工资。另一方面，健康科学领域的西班牙科学家回国受到累积变量（与世界级团队合作、研究职业生涯和机构声望）以及其他与社会因素相关的变量的影响，如目的国的工作条件和福利待遇。这些群体获得永久职位的机会很少，他们的流动决策在很大程度上取决于工作机会。
西班牙卫生组织可以影响研究人员回国，因为这些决策主要取决于工作机会。这些组织可以通过强化社会因素来补充较富裕国家提供的累积优势。
