Johnsen S, Widder E A
Biol Bull. 1998 Dec;195(3):337-348. doi: 10.2307/1543145.
Transparency measurements (at 400 to 700 nm) were made on living specimens of 29 common species of gelatinous zooplankton from the Northwestern Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Percent transparency ranged from 91% for the hydromedusa Sibogota typa to 0.51% for the pteropod Clione limacina. Percent transparency was linearly and positively correlated with wavelength, with slopes of the regression lines (normalized to the percent transparency at 480 nm) ranging from 0.027%/nm for Sibogota typa to 0.51%/nm for the ctenophore Mnemiopsis macrydi (average 0.17 +/- 0.019%/nm). There was no significant correlation between the percent transparency of an animal and its daytime depth distribution. The relationship between percent transparency and sighting distance when viewed from below was modeled and showed that, due to the increase of the minimum contrast threshold for object detection at lower light levels, the usefulness of transparency as camouflage increases dramatically with depth. A preliminary account of these results was presented by the authors at the fourteenth meeting of the Ocean Optics Society in November 1998.
对来自西北大西洋和墨西哥湾的29种常见凝胶状浮游动物的活体样本进行了透明度测量（在400至700纳米之间）。透明度百分比范围从水螅水母Sibogota typa的91%到翼足类海若螺Clione limacina的0.51%。透明度百分比与波长呈线性正相关，回归线斜率（归一化至480纳米处的透明度百分比）范围从Sibogota typa的0.027%/纳米到栉水母Mnemiopsis macrydi的0.51%/纳米（平均0.17 +/- 0.019%/纳米）。动物的透明度百分比与其白天深度分布之间没有显著相关性。对从下方观察时透明度百分比与可见距离之间的关系进行了建模，结果表明，由于在较低光照水平下物体检测的最小对比度阈值增加，透明度作为伪装的有效性随深度急剧增加。作者在1998年11月的海洋光学学会第十四次会议上初步介绍了这些结果。
