水稻中的砷转运及降低水稻砷风险的生物解决方案
Arsenic Transport in Rice and Biological Solutions to Reduce Arsenic Risk from Rice.
作者信息
Chen Yanshan, Han Yong-He, Cao Yue, Zhu Yong-Guan, Rathinasabapathi Bala, Ma Lena Q
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University Nanjing, China.
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen, China.
出版信息
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Mar 1;8:268. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00268. eCollection 2017.
Rice ( L.) feeds ∼3 billion people. Due to the wide occurrence of arsenic (As) pollution in paddy soils and its efficient plant uptake, As in rice grains presents health risks. Genetic manipulation may offer an effective approach to reduce As accumulation in rice grains. The genetics of As uptake and metabolism have been elucidated and target genes have been identified for genetic engineering to reduce As accumulation in grains. Key processes controlling As in grains include As uptake, arsenite (AsIII) efflux, arsenate (AsV) reduction and AsIII sequestration, and As methylation and volatilization. Recent advances, including characterization of AsV uptake transporter OsPT8, AsV reductase OsHAC1;1 and OsHAC1;2, rice glutaredoxins, and rice ABC transporter OsABCC1, make many possibilities to develop low-arsenic rice.
水稻（Oryza sativa L.）养活了约30亿人口。由于稻田土壤中砷（As）污染广泛存在且水稻对其吸收效率高，稻米中的砷会带来健康风险。基因操作可能是降低稻米中砷积累的有效途径。砷吸收和代谢的遗传学机制已被阐明，并且已鉴定出用于基因工程以减少谷物中砷积累的靶基因。控制谷物中砷的关键过程包括砷吸收、亚砷酸盐（AsIII）外流、砷酸盐（AsV）还原和AsIII螯合，以及砷甲基化和挥发。最近的进展，包括对AsV吸收转运蛋白OsPT8、AsV还原酶OsHAC1;1和OsHAC1;2、水稻谷氧还蛋白以及水稻ABC转运蛋白OsABCC1的表征，为培育低砷水稻带来了诸多可能性。
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