Francis Gregory
Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Iperception. 2015 Apr;6(2):116-126. doi: 10.1068/i0684. Epub 2015 Apr 1.
Three recent studies used similar stimulus sequences to investigate mechanisms for brightness perception. Anstis and Greenlee (2014) demonstrated that adaptation to a flickering black and white outline erased the visibility of a subsequent target shape defined by a luminance increment or decrement. Robinson and de Sa (2012, 2013) used a flickering disk or annulus to show a similar effect. Here, a neural network model of visual perception (Francis & Kim, 2012), that previously explained properties of scene fading, is shown to also explain most of the erasure effects reported by Anstis and Greenlee and by Robinson and de Sa. The model proposes that in normal viewing conditions a brightness filling-in process is constrained by oriented boundaries, which thereby define separate regions of a visual scene. Contour adaptation can weaken the boundaries and thereby allow brightness signals to merge together, which renders target stimuli indistinguishable from the background. New simulations with the stimuli used by Anstis and Greenlee and Robinson and de Sa produce model output very similar to the perceptual experience of human observers. Finally, the model predicts that adaptation to illusory contours will not produce contour erasure.
最近的三项研究使用了相似的刺激序列来探究亮度感知的机制。安斯蒂斯和格林利（2014年）证明，对闪烁的黑白轮廓进行适应会消除随后由亮度增加或减少所定义的目标形状的可见性。罗宾逊和德萨（2012年、2013年）使用闪烁的圆盘或圆环展示了类似的效果。在此，一种视觉感知的神经网络模型（弗朗西斯和金，2012年），该模型此前解释了场景消退的特性，现被证明也能解释安斯蒂斯和格林利以及罗宾逊和德萨所报告的大部分消除效果。该模型提出，在正常观察条件下，亮度填充过程受到定向边界的约束，这些边界从而定义了视觉场景的不同区域。轮廓适应会削弱边界，从而使亮度信号合并在一起，这使得目标刺激与背景无法区分。使用安斯蒂斯和格林利以及罗宾逊和德萨所使用的刺激进行的新模拟产生的模型输出与人类观察者的感知体验非常相似。最后，该模型预测，对虚幻轮廓的适应不会产生轮廓消除。
