Prosser Diann J, Densmore Christine L, Hindman Larry J, Iwanowicz Deborah D, Ottinger Chris A, Iwanowicz Luke R, Driscoll Cindy P, Nagel Jessica L
A United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville Lab, c/o BARC East Building 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.
B United States Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430.
Avian Dis. 2017 Mar;61(1):128-134. doi: 10.1637/11476-072616-ResNote.
Migratory waterfowl are natural reservoirs for low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and may contribute to the long-distance dispersal of these pathogens as well as spillover into domestic bird populations. Surveillance for AIVs is critical to assessing risks for potential spread of these viruses among wild and domestic bird populations. The Delmarva Peninsula on the east coast of the United States is both a key convergence point for migratory Atlantic waterfowl populations and a region with high poultry production (>4,700 poultry meat facilities). Sampling of key migratory waterfowl species occurred at 20 locations throughout the Delmarva Peninsula in fall and winter of 2013-14. Samples were collected from 400 hunter-harvested or live-caught birds via cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs. Fourteen of the 400 (3.5%) birds sampled tested positive for the AIV matrix gene using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, all from five dabbling duck species. Further characterization of the 14 viral isolates identified two hemagglutinin (H3 and H4) and four neuraminidase (N2, N6, N8, and N9) subtypes, which were consistent with isolates reported in the Influenza Research Database for this region. Three of 14 isolates contained multiple HA or NA subtypes. This study adds to the limited baseline information available for AIVs in migratory waterfowl populations on the Delmarva Peninsula, particularly prior to the highly pathogenic AIV A(H5N8) and A(H5N2) introductions to the United States in late 2014.
迁徙水鸟是低致病性禽流感病毒（AIVs）的天然宿主，可能有助于这些病原体的远距离传播以及传播到家禽种群中。对AIVs的监测对于评估这些病毒在野生和家禽种群中潜在传播的风险至关重要。美国东海岸的德尔马瓦半岛既是大西洋迁徙水鸟种群的关键汇聚点，也是家禽产量高的地区（超过4700个家禽肉类设施）。2013 - 14年秋冬，在德尔马瓦半岛的20个地点对主要迁徙水鸟物种进行了采样。通过泄殖腔和口咽拭子从400只猎人捕获或活捉的鸟类中采集样本。使用实时逆转录PCR对400只采样鸟类中的14只（3.5%）检测出AIV基质基因呈阳性，均来自5种涉禽。对这14株病毒分离株的进一步鉴定确定了两种血凝素（H3和H4）和四种神经氨酸酶（N2、N6、N8和N9）亚型，这与流感研究数据库中该地区报告的分离株一致。14株分离株中有3株包含多种HA或NA亚型。这项研究增加了德尔马瓦半岛迁徙水鸟种群中AIVs的有限基线信息，特别是在2014年末高致病性AIV A(H5N8)和A(H5N2)传入美国之前。
