Chakravarti Bulbul, Chakravarti Deb N
Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, Jamaica, NY 11451. United States.
Department of Chemistry, York College, The City University of New York, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Boulevard, Jamaica, New York. United States.
Curr Aging Sci. 2017;10(4):246-262. doi: 10.2174/1874609810666170315112634.
Aging is the inevitable fate of all living organisms, but the molecular basis of physiological aging is poorly understood. Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in the aging process. In addition to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are generated during aerobic metabolism in living organisms. Although protein damage and functional modification by ROS have been demonstrated in details, fewer studies have been reported on protein damage by RNS and its implication in the aging process. Proteins undergoing tyrosine nitration are associated with pathophysiology of several diseases, as well as physiological aging. The purpose of the current review article is to provide a brief summary of the biochemical mechanisms of tyrosine nitration, methodologies used for the detection of these modified proteins, effect of RNS induced post translational modification on biological functions and the putative role of tyrosine nitrated proteins in the aging process.
Published studies on the role of RNS in age related functional alteration of various organs/ tissues were critically reviewed and evaluated.
Covalent modification of various proteins by tyrosine nitration is associated with modification of biological functions of various organs/tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart, brain and liver due to aging.
This information will be helpful to further investigate the interplay of different biochemical pathways and networks involved in the tyrosine nitration of various proteins due to aging with the ultimate goal to prevent the detrimental effects of RNS on the functional activities of these proteins.
衰老乃所有生物不可避免的命运，然而生理衰老的分子基础却鲜为人知。氧化应激被认为在衰老过程中起关键作用。除活性氧（ROS）外，活性氮（RNS）在生物体有氧代谢过程中产生。尽管ROS对蛋白质的损伤及功能修饰已得到详细证实，但关于RNS对蛋白质的损伤及其在衰老过程中的影响的研究报道较少。发生酪氨酸硝化的蛋白质与多种疾病的病理生理学以及生理衰老相关。本综述文章的目的是简要总结酪氨酸硝化的生化机制、用于检测这些修饰蛋白质的方法、RNS诱导的翻译后修饰对生物学功能的影响以及酪氨酸硝化蛋白质在衰老过程中的假定作用。
对已发表的关于RNS在各器官/组织与年龄相关的功能改变中作用的研究进行严格审查和评估。
酪氨酸硝化对各种蛋白质的共价修饰与衰老导致的骨骼肌、心脏、大脑和肝脏等各种器官/组织的生物学功能改变相关。
该信息将有助于进一步研究衰老导致的各种蛋白质酪氨酸硝化所涉及的不同生化途径和网络之间的相互作用，最终目标是防止RNS对这些蛋白质功能活性产生有害影响。
