Pan Ning, Wu Gui-Hua, Zhang Ling, Zhao Ya-Fen, Guan Han, Xu Cai-Juan, Jing Jin, Jin Yu
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2017 Mar;19(3):275-279. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.03.005.
To investigate the features of intelligence development, facial expression recognition ability, and the association between them in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
A total of 27 ASD children aged 6-16 years (ASD group, full intelligence quotient >70) and age- and gender-matched normally developed children (control group) were enrolled. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition and Chinese Static Facial Expression Photos were used for intelligence evaluation and facial expression recognition test.
Compared with the control group, the ASD group had significantly lower scores of full intelligence quotient, verbal comprehension index, perceptual reasoning index (PRI), processing speed index（PSI), and working memory index (WMI) (P<0.05). The ASD group also had a significantly lower overall accuracy rate of facial expression recognition and significantly lower accuracy rates of the recognition of happy, angry, sad, and frightened expressions than the control group (P<0.05). In the ASD group, the overall accuracy rate of facial expression recognition and the accuracy rates of the recognition of happy and frightened expressions were positively correlated with PRI (r=0.415, 0.455, and 0.393 respectively; P<0.05). The accuracy rate of the recognition of angry expression was positively correlated with WMI (r=0.397; P<0.05).
ASD children have delayed intelligence development compared with normally developed children and impaired expression recognition ability. Perceptual reasoning and working memory abilities are positively correlated with expression recognition ability, which suggests that insufficient perceptual reasoning and working memory abilities may be important factors affecting facial expression recognition ability in ASD children.
探讨孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童的智力发育特征、面部表情识别能力及其之间的关联。
纳入27名年龄在6 - 16岁的ASD儿童（ASD组，全智商>70）以及年龄和性别匹配的正常发育儿童（对照组）。采用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版和中国静态面部表情照片进行智力评估和面部表情识别测试。
与对照组相比，ASD组的全智商、言语理解指数、知觉推理指数（PRI）、加工速度指数（PSI）和工作记忆指数（WMI）得分显著更低（P<0.05）。ASD组的面部表情识别总体准确率也显著低于对照组，且在识别开心、愤怒、悲伤和恐惧表情方面的准确率也显著更低（P<0.05）。在ASD组中，面部表情识别总体准确率以及开心和恐惧表情识别准确率与PRI呈正相关（分别为r = 0.415、0.455和0.393；P<0.05）。愤怒表情识别准确率与WMI呈正相关（r = 0.397；P<0.05）。
与正常发育儿童相比，ASD儿童智力发育延迟且表情识别能力受损。知觉推理和工作记忆能力与表情识别能力呈正相关，这表明知觉推理和工作记忆能力不足可能是影响ASD儿童面部表情识别能力的重要因素。
