Iacobucci Gary J, Popescu Gabriela K
Department of Biochemistry, University of Buffalo, State University of New York (SUNY), 144 Farber Hall, 3435 Main street, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2017 Mar 17;18(4):236-249. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2017.24.
NMDA receptors are preeminent neurotransmitter-gated channels in the CNS, which respond to glutamate in a manner that integrates multiple external and internal cues. They belong to the ionotropic glutamate receptor family and fulfil unique and crucial roles in neuronal development and function. These roles depend on characteristic response kinetics, which reflect the operation of the receptors. Here, we review biologically salient features of the NMDA receptor signal and its mechanistic origins. Knowledge of distinctive NMDA receptor biophysical properties, their structural determinants and physiological roles is necessary to understand the physiological and neurotoxic actions of glutamate and to design effective therapeutics.
N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体是中枢神经系统中卓越的神经递质门控通道，它以整合多种外部和内部信号的方式对谷氨酸作出反应。它们属于离子型谷氨酸受体家族，在神经元发育和功能中发挥着独特而关键的作用。这些作用取决于特征性的反应动力学，而反应动力学反映了受体的运作情况。在此，我们综述NMDA受体信号的生物学显著特征及其机制起源。了解NMDA受体独特的生物物理特性、其结构决定因素和生理作用，对于理解谷氨酸的生理和神经毒性作用以及设计有效的治疗方法是必要的。
