Claypoole Victoria Lynne, Szalma James L
a Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA.
Ergonomics. 2017 Nov;60(11):1485-1499. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1308563. Epub 2017 Apr 3.
Vigilance is the ability of an observer to maintain attention for extended periods of time; however, performance tends to decline with time on watch, a pattern referred to as the vigilance decrement. Previous research has focused on factors that attenuate the decrement; however, one factor rarely studied is the effect of social facilitation. The purpose for the present investigation was to determine how different types of social presence affected the performance, workload and stress of vigilance. It was hypothesised that the presence of a supervisory figure would increase overall performance, but may occur at the cost of increased workload and stress. Results indicated that the per cent of false alarm and response times decreased in the presence of a supervisory figure. Using social facilitation in vigilance tasks may thus have positive, as well as, negative effects depending on the dependent measure of interest and the role of the observer. Practitioner Summary: Social facilitation has rarely been examined in the context of vigilance, even though it may improve performance. Vigilance task performance was examined under social presence. The results of the present study indicated that false alarms and response times decreased in the social presence of a supervisory figure, thus improving performance.
警觉是观察者长时间保持注意力的能力；然而，随着值班时间的推移，表现往往会下降，这种模式被称为警觉性下降。以往的研究集中在减轻这种下降的因素上；然而，一个很少被研究的因素是社会促进的影响。本研究的目的是确定不同类型的社会存在如何影响警觉的表现、工作量和压力。研究假设是，监督者的存在会提高整体表现，但可能以增加工作量和压力为代价。结果表明，在有监督者在场的情况下，误报百分比和反应时间会降低。因此，在警觉任务中使用社会促进可能会根据感兴趣的相关指标和观察者的角色产生积极和消极的影响。从业者总结：尽管社会促进可能会提高表现，但在警觉的背景下很少被研究。在有社会存在的情况下对警觉任务表现进行了研究。本研究结果表明，在有监督者在场的社会环境中，误报和反应时间会减少，从而提高表现。
