United States Air Force Research Laboratory.
Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 May;45(5):616-627. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000635. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Vigilance is the ability to sustain attention over a period of time. Previous research has indicated that vigilance tasks are hard work and are stressful for human operators. Performance tends to decline with time on task, and workload and stress typically increase during the course of the vigil. Methods that could be used to overcome the adverse effects of vigilance (i.e., stress, workload, poor performance) includes social facilitation factors, such as performing the task while under observation. Thus, the present experiments examined the effects of multiple forms of social facilitation on vigilance, as well as the stress and workload associated with performing the task. Over 2 experiments, 284 participants completed a 24-min cognitive vigilance task. The results indicated that evaluative-based forms of social presence (i.e., direct monitoring, electronic performance monitoring) were associated with improved detection performance. The mere social presence of a monitor did not significantly influence vigilance performance. The results also demonstrated that social facilitation (in any form) did not impose additional stress or workload on the observers. These novel results have both important practical and theoretical implications for both vigilance performance and social facilitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
警戒是在一段时间内保持注意力的能力。先前的研究表明，警戒任务对人类操作者来说是一项艰苦的工作，并且具有压力。随着任务时间的推移，性能往往会下降，而工作量和压力通常会在警戒过程中增加。可以用来克服警戒不利影响（即压力、工作量、表现不佳）的方法包括社会促进因素，例如在观察下执行任务。因此，本实验研究了多种形式的社会促进对警戒的影响，以及与执行任务相关的压力和工作量。在两项实验中，284 名参与者完成了 24 分钟的认知警戒任务。结果表明，基于评价的社会存在形式（即直接监控、电子绩效监控）与提高检测性能有关。仅仅有监控员的社会存在并没有显著影响警戒绩效。结果还表明，社会促进（任何形式）不会给观察者带来额外的压力或工作量。这些新的结果对于警戒性能和社会促进都具有重要的实际和理论意义。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
