Fink Udo, Völkl Wolfgang
Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, P.O. Box 101251, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
Oecologia. 1995 Aug;103(3):371-378. doi: 10.1007/BF00328627.
Searching patterns and oviposition success of the aphid parasitoid Aphidius rosae were analysed in different abiotic conditions (simulated wind, simulated drizzling rain, simulated shower, high temperature, low humidity, "standard conditions") in the laboratory. Residence times, time allocation and oviposition success did not differ significantly between females foraging on rose shoots during periods with high temperature (>33°C) and low humidity (35%-40% relative humidity) and females searching under standard laboratory conditions (20°C, 65%-70% relative humidity, no wind). A wind speed of 2 m/s reduced the oviposition numbers significantly, and females spent much more time resting than searching for hosts. Females did not leave a shoot during wind, but departed quickly after wind had ceased. Simulated drizzling rain or simulated showers had the strongest effects on A. rosae foraging. Both types of rain prevented all foraging activities including departure from the shoot, and females laid no eggs during rain. After rain had stopped, females were mainly engaged with cleaning themselves and laid relatively few eggs compared to standard conditions. The impact of unfavourable abiotic environmental factors like wind or rain may help to explain why many parasitoids lay only a small proportion of their available eggs when foraging in the field.
在实验室中，分析了蚜虫寄生蜂蔷薇蚜茧蜂在不同非生物条件（模拟风、模拟毛毛雨、模拟阵雨、高温、低湿度、“标准条件”）下的搜索模式和产卵成功率。在高温（>33°C）和低湿度（相对湿度35%-40%）期间在玫瑰嫩枝上觅食的雌蜂与在标准实验室条件（20°C、相对湿度65%-70%、无风）下搜索的雌蜂相比，停留时间、时间分配和产卵成功率没有显著差异。2米/秒的风速显著降低了产卵数量，雌蜂休息的时间比寻找寄主的时间多得多。有风时雌蜂不会离开嫩枝，但风停后会迅速离开。模拟毛毛雨或模拟阵雨对蔷薇蚜茧蜂觅食的影响最大。这两种降雨都阻止了包括离开嫩枝在内的所有觅食活动，雌蜂在降雨期间不产卵。雨停后，雌蜂主要忙于清洁自己，与标准条件相比产卵相对较少。风或雨等不利的非生物环境因素的影响可能有助于解释为什么许多寄生蜂在田间觅食时只产下一小部分可用卵。
