Morais P B, Rosa C A, Hagler A N
L.C. Mendonça-Hagler Instituto de Microbiologia, CCS, Bl. I, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Oecologia. 1995 Sep;104(1):45-51. doi: 10.1007/BF00365561.
Yeast communities associated with four species of the Drosophila fasciola subgroup (repleta group) in tropical rain forests were surveyed in an abandoned orchard, and rain forest sites of Rio de Janeiro and Ilha Grande, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Adult flies of Drosophila carolinae, Drosophila coroica, Drosophila fascioloides and Drosophila onca frequently carried Candida colliculosa, Geotrichum sp, Kloeckera apiculata and a Pichia membranaefaciens-like species. The most frequent yeasts in the crop of flies included Candida collicullosa, C. krusei, Pichia kluyveri and a P. membranaefaciens-like species. The physiological abilities and species composition of these yeast communities differed from those of other forest-inhabiting Drosophila. The narrow feeding niches of the fasciola subgroup suggested the use of only part of the substrates available to the flies as food in the forest environment, as noted previously for cactophilic Drosophila serido (mulleri subgroup of the repleta group) in a sand dune ecosystem. The cactophilic yeasts that were isolated have not been previously found in forests. The fasciola subgroup probably used epiphytic cactus substrates as breeding and feeding sites in the forest. The physiological profile of yeasts associated with the fasciola flies was broader than that of yeasts associated with the cactophilic Drosophila serido, suggesting that the fasciola subgroup represents an older lineage from which the South American repleta species evolved.
在巴西里约热内卢州的一个废弃果园以及里约热内卢和格兰德岛的热带雨林地区，对与果蝇 fasciola 亚组（repleta 组）的四个物种相关的酵母群落进行了调查。卡罗琳果蝇、科罗伊卡果蝇、fascioloides 果蝇和昂卡果蝇的成虫经常携带胶状念珠菌、地霉属、尖突克鲁维酵母和一种类似膜醭毕赤酵母的物种。果蝇嗉囊中最常见的酵母包括胶状念珠菌、克鲁斯念珠菌、克鲁维毕赤酵母和一种类似膜醭毕赤酵母的物种。这些酵母群落的生理能力和物种组成与其他栖息在森林中的果蝇不同。fasciola 亚组狭窄的取食生态位表明，在森林环境中，果蝇只利用了部分可作为食物的底物，正如之前在沙丘生态系统中对嗜仙人掌果蝇 serido（repleta 组的 mulleri 亚组）的观察。之前在森林中未发现分离出的嗜仙人掌酵母。fasciola 亚组可能利用附生仙人掌底物作为森林中的繁殖和取食场所。与 fasciola 果蝇相关的酵母的生理特征比与嗜仙人掌果蝇 serido 相关的酵母更广泛，这表明 fasciola 亚组代表了一个更古老的谱系，南美 repleta 物种由此进化而来。
