Weyman G S, Jepson P C, Sunderland K D
Department of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, SO9 3TU, Southampton, UK.
Horticulture Research International, BN17 6LP, Littlehampton, West Sussex, UK.
Oecologia. 1995 Apr;101(4):487-493. doi: 10.1007/BF00329428.
Groups of linyphiid spiders (Erigone spp.) (Araneae, Linyphiidae), collected at intervals from arable land, were tested in laboratory bioassays to determine the proportion of individuals that exhibited ballooning behaviour on each field sampling occasion. There was no significant variation in the proportions of spiders in each test group ballooning in the laboratory over a year. Investigations of ground density and aerial dispersal, in a grass field and a winter-wheat field, confirmed that peaks in numbers of spiders observed ballooning in the field generally coincided with population peaks in the summer and autumn. Significant correlations between ground populations and aerial catches were found for total spiders, immature spiders, and Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall) in both fields, adult spiders in the grass field, Erigone spp. in the grass, and Meioneta rurestris (C.L. Koch) in the wheat. The other groups analysed, Lepthyphantes tenuis (Blackwall) in both fields, Erigone spp. in wheat, and M. rurestris in grass, showed similar but non-significant trends. No significant difference was found between overall ground-to-air ratios for males compared to females, but adult spiders were more likely to balloon than immatures.
从耕地定期采集的微蛛科蜘蛛（艾氏微蛛属）（蜘蛛目，微蛛科）群体，在实验室生物测定中进行测试，以确定在每次田间采样时表现出飘浮行为的个体比例。在一年的时间里，每个测试组在实验室中飘浮的蜘蛛比例没有显著变化。在草地和冬小麦田中对地面密度和空中扩散的调查证实，在田间观察到的飘浮蜘蛛数量高峰通常与夏季和秋季的种群高峰一致。在两个田块中，总蜘蛛、未成熟蜘蛛和细纹微蛛，在草地中的成年蜘蛛、草地中的艾氏微蛛属，以及小麦中的麦氏姬蛛，地面种群与空中捕获量之间均存在显著相关性。所分析的其他组，即两个田块中的细弱微蛛、小麦中的艾氏微蛛属，以及草地中的麦氏姬蛛，呈现出相似但不显著的趋势。雄性与雌性的总体地空比例之间没有显著差异，但成年蜘蛛比未成熟蜘蛛更有可能飘浮。
