Hinsley S A, Bellamy P E, Newton I, Sparks T H
NERC Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, PE17 2LS, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, UK.
Oecologia. 1996 Jan;105(1):100-106. doi: 10.1007/BF00328797.
Distributions of individual bird species in 151 small woods (size range 0.02-30 ha) were investigated in 3 consecutive years during which the abundance of certain species varied markedly. Relationships between the probabilities of certain bird species breeding and woodland area were described using incidence functions derived from logistic regression analysis. In general, for species which were largely dependent on woodland and seldom occurred in other habitats (such as hedgerows and gardens), the probability of breeding approached 100% only for woods of 10 ha and more, whereas species with less stringent habitat requirements occurred in the majority of woods, including those of 1 ha and less. The sensitivity of incidence functions to changes in regional abundance and the size distribution of the study woods was examined. For some species, distribution patterns could not be distinguished from those expected if pairs had been distributed in proportion to woodland area (random placement), but the majority did not conform to random placement in at least 1 of the 3 years. This nonconformity was consistent across all 3 years for some species, such as wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), despite substantial fluctuations in population sizes between years, while for others, such as robin (Erithacus rubecula), distribution patterns changed with changes in regional abundance. The results suggested that some species, such as wren and blackbird (Turdus merula), preferred small woods, while other species, such as chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita), preferred large woods. For several other species, including robin, great tit (Parus major), long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus) and marsh tit (P. palustris), small woods appeared to be sub-optimal under at least some conditions.
在连续3年中，对151片小树林（面积范围为0.02 - 30公顷）中单个鸟类物种的分布情况进行了调查，在此期间某些物种的数量有显著变化。使用从逻辑回归分析得出的发生率函数来描述某些鸟类物种繁殖概率与林地面积之间的关系。一般来说，对于那些在很大程度上依赖林地且很少出现在其他栖息地（如树篱和花园）的物种，只有面积达到10公顷及以上的树林，其繁殖概率才接近100%，而对栖息地要求不那么严格的物种则出现在大多数树林中，包括面积为1公顷及以下的树林。研究了发生率函数对区域数量变化和研究树林大小分布的敏感性。对于一些物种，其分布模式与如果成对个体按林地面积比例分布（随机分布）时预期的模式无法区分，但大多数物种在这3年中的至少1年不符合随机分布。对于一些物种，如鹪鹩（Troglodytes troglodytes），这种不符合在所有3年中都是一致的，尽管年间种群数量有大幅波动，而对于其他物种，如知更鸟（Erithacus rubecula），分布模式随区域数量的变化而改变。结果表明，一些物种，如鹪鹩和乌鸫（Turdus merula），更喜欢小树林，而其他物种,如棕柳莺（Phylloscopus collybita），更喜欢大树林。对于其他几个物种，包括知更鸟、大山雀（Parus major）、长尾山雀（Aegithalos caudatus）和沼泽山雀（P. palustris），至少在某些条件下，小树林似乎是次优选择。
