Rosow C E
Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Acute Care. 1988;12 Suppl 1:2-7.
Butorphanol tartrate is a highly effective opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic with qualitative as well as quantitative differences from the pure agonists. These differences are thought to be due to interaction with a distinct subset of opioid receptors. Although it relieves severe pain, the drug does not usually elevate mood, and it may occasionally cause dysphoria. Counterbalancing its disadvantages is a wealth of clinical experience with the drug showing an impressive record of safety. Butorphanol produces limited respiratory depression and smooth muscle spasm, and both effects are reversible with naloxone. The most prominent side effect is sedation, a property that is generally quite useful in the perioperative period. Butorphanol is a weak morphine antagonist, so it may interact with agonists like morphine or fentanyl. The chief advantages of this agent are its low toxicity and very low potential for abuse.
酒石酸布托啡诺是一种高效的阿片类激动 - 拮抗型镇痛药，与纯激动剂在质量和数量上均存在差异。这些差异被认为是由于与阿片受体的一个独特亚群相互作用所致。尽管它能缓解剧痛，但该药通常不会提升情绪，且偶尔可能导致烦躁不安。与之缺点相权衡的是，大量的临床经验表明该药具有令人印象深刻的安全记录。布托啡诺产生的呼吸抑制和平滑肌痉挛作用有限，且两种作用均可被纳洛酮逆转。最突出的副作用是镇静作用，这一特性在围手术期通常非常有用。布托啡诺是一种弱吗啡拮抗剂，因此它可能与吗啡或芬太尼等激动剂相互作用。该药物的主要优点是毒性低且滥用可能性极低。
