Harley Peter C, Monson Russell K, Lerdau Manuel T
Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA e-mail:
Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA, , , , , , US.
Oecologia. 1999 Feb;118(2):109-123. doi: 10.1007/s004420050709.
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3,-butadiene), produced by many woody and a few herbaceous plant species, is the dominant volatile organic compound released from vegetation. It represents a non-trivial carbon loss to the plant (typically 0.5-2%, but much higher as temperatures exceed 30°C), and plays a major role in tropospheric chemistry of forested regions, contributing to ozone formation. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the occurrence of isoprene production within the plant kingdom, and discusses other aspects of isoprene biology which may be of interest to the ecological community. The ability to produce significant amounts of isoprene may or may not be shared by members of the same plant family or genus, but emitting species have been found among bryophytes, ferns, conifers and Ephedra and in approximately one-third of the 122 angiosperm families examined. No phylogenetic pattern is obvious among the angiosperms, with the trait widely scattered and present (and absent) in both primitive and derived taxa, although confined largely to woody species. Isoprene is not stored within the leaf, and plays no known ecological role as, for example, an anti-herbivore or allelopathic agent. The primary short-term controls over isoprene production are light and temperature. Growth in high light stimulates isoprene production, and growth in cool conditions apparently inhibits isoprene, production of which may be induced upon transfer to warmer temperatures. The stimulation of isoprene production by high irradiance and warm temperatures suggests a possible role in ameliorating stresses associated with warm, high-light environments, a role consistent with physiological evidence indicating a role in thermal protection.
异戊二烯（2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯）由许多木本植物和少数草本植物产生，是植被释放的主要挥发性有机化合物。它对植物来说是一种不可忽视的碳损失（通常为0.5%-2%，但当温度超过30°C时会高得多），并且在森林地区的对流层化学中起主要作用，有助于臭氧的形成。本综述总结了关于植物界异戊二烯产生情况的现有知识，并讨论了生态学界可能感兴趣的异戊二烯生物学的其他方面。同一植物科或属的成员可能具备也可能不具备大量产生异戊二烯的能力，但在苔藓植物、蕨类植物、针叶树和麻黄中以及在所研究的122个被子植物科中约三分之一的科中都发现了释放异戊二烯的物种。在被子植物中没有明显的系统发育模式，该性状广泛分布，在原始类群和衍生类群中都有出现（也有缺失），不过主要局限于木本物种。异戊二烯不储存在叶片内，并且作为抗食草动物剂或化感剂等，没有已知的生态作用。对异戊二烯产生的主要短期控制因素是光照和温度。在强光下生长会刺激异戊二烯的产生，在凉爽条件下生长显然会抑制异戊二烯的产生，而将植物转移到温暖温度下时，异戊二烯的产生可能会被诱导。高辐照度和温暖温度对异戊二烯产生的刺激表明其在缓解与温暖、高光环境相关的压力方面可能发挥作用，这一作用与表明其在热保护中起作用的生理学证据一致。
