Polle Andrea, Baumbusch Lars O, Oschinski Christa, Eiblmeier Monika, Kuhlenkamp Vivian, Vollrath Birgit, Scholz Florian, Rennenberg Heinz
Forstbotanisches Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany e-mail:
Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Am Flughafen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany, , , , , , DE.
Oecologia. 1999 Nov;121(2):149-156. doi: 10.1007/s004420050916.
Clones of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) were grown for several years on an altitudinal gradient (1750 m, 1150 m and 800 m above sea level) to study the effects of environmental × genetic interactions on growth and foliar metabolites (protein, pigments, antioxidants). Clones at the tree line showed 4.3-fold lower growth rates and contained 60% less chlorophyll (per gram of dry matter) than those at valley level. The extent of growth reduction was clone-dependent. The mortality of the clones was low and not altitude-dependent. At valley level, but not at high altitude, needles of mature spruce trees showed lower pigment and protein concentrations than clones. In general, antioxidative systems in needles of the mature trees and young clones did not increase with increasing altitude. Needles of all trees at high altitude showed higher concentrations of dehydroascorbate than at lower altitudes, indicating higher oxidative stress. In one clone, previously identified as sensitive to acute ozone doses, this increase was significantly higher and the growth reduction was stronger than in the other genotypes. This clone also displayed a significant reduction in glutathione reductase activity at high altitude. These results suggest that induction of antioxidative systems is apparently not a general prerequisite to cope with altitude in clones whose mother plants originated from higher altitudes (about 650-1100 m above sea level, Hercycnic-Carpathian distribution area), but that the genetic constitution for maintenance of high antioxidative protection is important for stress compensation at the tree line.
对挪威云杉（Picea abies L.）的无性系在一个海拔梯度（海拔1750米、1150米和800米）上种植了数年，以研究环境×基因相互作用对生长和叶片代谢物（蛋白质、色素、抗氧化剂）的影响。树线处的无性系生长速率比山谷处的低4.3倍，且（每克干物质）叶绿素含量低60%。生长减少的程度因无性系而异。无性系的死亡率较低且与海拔无关。在山谷处，成熟云杉树的针叶色素和蛋白质浓度比无性系低，但在高海拔处并非如此。一般来说，成熟树和年轻无性系针叶中的抗氧化系统不会随海拔升高而增加。高海拔处所有树木的针叶脱氢抗坏血酸浓度均高于低海拔处，表明氧化应激更高。在一个先前被确定对急性臭氧剂量敏感的无性系中，这种增加显著更高，生长减少也比其他基因型更强。该无性系在高海拔处还表现出谷胱甘肽还原酶活性显著降低。这些结果表明，对于母本植物源自较高海拔（海拔约650 - 1100米，海西 - 喀尔巴阡分布区）的无性系而言，诱导抗氧化系统显然不是应对海拔的普遍先决条件，但维持高抗氧化保护的遗传构成对于树线处的胁迫补偿很重要。
