Georgii B
Lehreinheit für Wildbiologie und Jagdkunde der Universität München, Außenstelle Oberammergau, D-8107, Dickelschwaig-Ettal, Federal Republic of Germany.
Oecologia. 1981 May;49(1):127-136. doi: 10.1007/BF00376910.
During 1976 to 1978 in the Bavarian Alps (Southern West Germany) the activity patterns of nine female red deer have been studied using radio-telemetry. The daily sum total of activity shows a marked annual cycle, ranging from about 7 h in winter to some 15 h in summer. It becomes obvious that the duration of activity during solar day, night and twilight is not only due to the length of these three periods but also varies independently in the course of the year. The daily pattern of activity reveals a bimodal 24-h rhythm throughout the year. Its two peaks coincide with dawn and dusk. Their temporal position shifts according to the seasonally changing LD-ratio. Also the relative height of the two peaks varies in the course of the year; they decrease in the summer months in favour of more activity during the light time. These daily and annual rhythms rely on corresponding changes in the pattern of activity bursts. In some cases the sequences of activity bursts reflect also influences of weather conditions or of differently structured habitats on the animals' behaviour. The possible influences of some endogenous and exogenous factors on the activity patterns are discussed.
1976年至1978年期间，在巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山（德国西南部），利用无线电遥测技术对9只雌性马鹿的活动模式进行了研究。每日活动总量呈现出明显的年度周期，从冬季的约7小时到夏季的约15小时不等。显而易见，在一个太阳日中，白天、夜晚和晨昏活动的持续时间不仅取决于这三个时段的长度，而且在一年的过程中也会独立变化。每日活动模式全年呈现出双峰24小时节律。其两个峰值与黎明和黄昏时间一致。它们的时间位置会根据季节变化的光暗比而移动。同样，这两个峰值的相对高度在一年中也会变化；在夏季月份它们会降低，以便在白天有更多活动。这些每日和年度节律依赖于活动爆发模式的相应变化。在某些情况下，活动爆发的顺序也反映了天气条件或不同结构栖息地对动物行为的影响。文中讨论了一些内源性和外源性因素对活动模式可能产生的影响。
