Mallet James
Department of Zoology, University of Texas, 78712, Austin, TX, USA.
Oecologia. 1986 Jan;68(2):210-217. doi: 10.1007/BF00384789.
Heliconius butterflies have been found to have low rates of dispersal in previous mark-recapture studies, and this lack of movement is due home-range behavior. An experiment on Heliconius erato was designed to investigate movement from the site of pupal eclosion. It was found that most of the movement occurs before the first capture of an individual in a mark-recapture study. After incorporating this early movement, the dispersal parameter, σ, is estimated to be at least 296 m (±30 m jackknifed standard error), and the "neighborhood population size", N, is about 50-150 individuals. These estimates of σ and N are more than 2 and 5 times larger, respectively, than estimates based on standard mark-recapture data, though they are small compared with estimates from other butterfly species. Severe limitations of using dispersal experiments to estimate gene flow and neighborhood size are discussed. Genetic data from color pattern loci in hybrid zones and from electrophoresis suggest that, if anything, the estimates of σ and N that I have obtained are still too low. Genetic and dispersal data together show that kin selection is an unlikely mechanism for the evolution of warning color and other supposed altruisms in Heliconius, unless occasional genetic drift is also involved.
在以往的标记重捕研究中发现，红带袖蝶的扩散率较低，而这种缺乏移动的情况是由于其活动范围行为所致。一项针对红带袖蝶的实验旨在研究其从蛹羽化地点的移动情况。结果发现，在标记重捕研究中，大多数移动发生在个体首次被捕获之前。纳入这种早期移动后，扩散参数σ估计至少为296米（±30米的刀切法标准误差），“邻域种群大小”N约为50 - 150个个体。与基于标准标记重捕数据的估计相比，这些σ和N的估计值分别大2倍多和5倍多，不过与其他蝴蝶物种的估计相比，它们还是较小的。文中讨论了使用扩散实验来估计基因流和邻域大小的严重局限性。来自杂交区域颜色模式位点和电泳的遗传数据表明，如果有什么不同的话，我所获得的σ和N的估计值仍然过低。遗传数据和扩散数据共同表明，亲属选择不太可能是红带袖蝶中警戒色和其他假定利他行为进化的机制，除非偶尔也涉及遗传漂变。
