Stamp Nancy E, Lucas Jeffrey R
Department of Zoology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Zoology, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Oecologia. 1983 Sep;59(2-3):272-278. doi: 10.1007/BF00378848.
Based on the constraints of the ballistic mechanism, we suggest that plants that utilize explosive dispersal are either maximizing ballistic distances or maximizing secondary dispersal (and thus are ballistically short-distance dispersers). Explosive seed dispersal of seven plant species was investigated in terms of factors contributing to the distance that seeds are thrown. As predicted, the long distance dispersers (4 species) showed more constancy in distance that seeds were thrown relative to the ballistically short-distance dispersers (3 species). The distribution of explosively dispersed seeds in terms of a resource for post-dispersal predators was evaluated by computer simulation. The results indicated that seed predation is unlikely to contribute to maximizing seed dispersal distance. A model for explosive seed dispersal was developed, based on the constraints of such dispersal. Long-distance dispersers were expected to use small, closely-spaced patches or to use large patches in which inbreeding depression or competition selects for maximal dispersal distances. Short-distance dispersers were expected to use small, widely-spaced patches where ballistic dispersal in itself is an inadequate means to disperse seeds, or to use large patches in which there is no premium for dispersal distance. Preliminary evidence supported the model.
基于弹射机制的限制，我们认为利用弹射传播的植物要么是在最大化弹射距离，要么是在最大化二次传播（因此是弹射短距离传播者）。我们研究了七种植物的种子弹射传播，分析了影响种子弹射距离的因素。正如预测的那样，长距离传播者（4种）相对于弹射短距离传播者（3种），种子弹射距离的稳定性更高。通过计算机模拟评估了弹射传播种子作为传播后捕食者资源的分布情况。结果表明，种子捕食不太可能有助于最大化种子传播距离。基于这种传播的限制，我们开发了一个种子弹射传播模型。预计长距离传播者会利用小的、间隔紧密的斑块，或者利用大的斑块，在这些斑块中，近亲繁殖衰退或竞争会促使选择最大的传播距离。预计短距离传播者会利用小而间隔大的斑块，在这些斑块中，弹射传播本身不足以传播种子，或者利用大的斑块，在这些斑块中，传播距离没有优势。初步证据支持了该模型。
