Kingsolver Joel G
Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, 02912, Providence, RI, USA.
Oecologia. 1985 Jul;66(4):546-553. doi: 10.1007/BF00379348.
Pieris butterflies use a novel behavioral posture for thermoregulation called reflectance basking, in which the wings are used as solar reflectors to reflect radiation to the body. As a means of exploring the thermoregulatory significance of wing melanization patterns, I examine the relation of basking posture and wing color pattern to body temperature. A mathematical model of the reflectance process predicts certain combinations of dorsal wing melanization pattern and basking posture that maximize body temperature. Laboratory experiments and field observations show that this model correctly predicts qualitative differences in the relation of body temperature to basking posture based on differences in the extent of dorsal melanization on the wing margins, both between species and between sexes within species of Pieris. This is the first demonstration in insects that coloration of the entire wing surface can affect thermoregulation. Model and experimental results suggest that, in certain wing regions, increased melanization can reduce body temperature in Pieris; this effect of melanization is exactly the opposite of that found in other Pierid butterflies that use their wings as solar absorbers. These results are discussed in terms of the evolution of wing melanization pattern and thermoregulatory behavior in butterflies.
粉蝶利用一种名为反射性晒太阳的新颖行为姿势来调节体温，在这种姿势中，翅膀被用作太阳能反射器，将辐射反射到身体上。作为探索翅膀黑化模式的体温调节意义的一种方式，我研究了晒太阳姿势和翅膀颜色模式与体温之间的关系。反射过程的数学模型预测了翅背黑化模式和晒太阳姿势的某些组合，这些组合能使体温最大化。实验室实验和野外观察表明，该模型基于粉蝶物种间以及物种内两性在翅缘背侧黑化程度上的差异，正确地预测了体温与晒太阳姿势关系中的定性差异。这是昆虫中首次证明整个翅膀表面的颜色会影响体温调节。模型和实验结果表明，在某些翅膀区域，黑化程度增加会降低粉蝶的体温；黑化的这种作用与其他将翅膀用作太阳能吸收器的粉蝶科蝴蝶的情况正好相反。这些结果从蝴蝶翅膀黑化模式和体温调节行为的进化角度进行了讨论。
