Apriyanto Dwinardi, Potter Daniel A
Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, 40546-0091, Lexington, KY, USA.
Oecologia. 1990 Nov;85(1):25-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00317339.
Restricted (non-systemic) inoculation of cucurbits, green bean, tobacco, and other plants with certain viruses, bacteria, or fungi has been shown to induce persistent, systemic resistance to a wide range of diseases caused by diverse pathogens. The non-specificity of this response has fueled speculation that it may also affect plant suitability for arthropod herbivores, and there is limited evidence, mainly from work with tobacco, which suggests that this may indeed occur. Young cucumber plants were immunized by restricted infection of a lower leaf with tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), and upper leaves were later challenged with anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum lagenarium, to confirm induction of systemic resistance to a different pathogen. The response of arthropod herbivores was simultaneously measured on non-infected, systemically protected leaves of the same plants. As has been reported before, immunization with TNV gave a high degree of protection from C. lagenarium, reducing the number of lesions and the area of fungal necrosis by 65-93%. However, there was no systemic effect on population growth of twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on upper leaves, nor did restricted TNV infection of leaf tissue on one side of the mid-vein systemically affect mite performance on the opposite, virus-free side of the leaf. Similarly, there were no effects on growth rate, pupal weight, or survival when fall armyworm larvae were reared on systemically protected leaves from induced plants. In free-choice tests, greenhouse whiteflies oviposited indiscriminately on induced and control plants. Feeding preference of fall armyworms was variable, but striped cucumber beetles consistently fed more on induced than on control plants. There was no increase in levels of cucurbitacins, however, in systemically-protected foliage of induced plants. These findings indicate that pathogen-activated induced resistance of cucumber is unlikely to provide significant protection from herbivory. The mechanisms and specificity of induced resistance in cucurbits apparently differ in response to induction by pathogens or herbivores.
用某些病毒、细菌或真菌对葫芦科植物、绿豆、烟草和其他植物进行局部（非系统性）接种，已被证明能诱导对多种病原体引起的广泛疾病产生持久的系统性抗性。这种反应的非特异性引发了一种推测，即它可能也会影响植物对节肢动物食草动物的适宜性，并且有有限的证据（主要来自对烟草的研究）表明这种情况可能确实会发生。通过用烟草坏死病毒（TNV）对黄瓜幼苗的下部叶片进行局部感染来使其免疫，随后用炭疽病菌（Colletotrichum lagenarium）对上部叶片进行挑战，以确认对不同病原体的系统性抗性的诱导。同时在同一植株未感染、获得系统性保护的叶片上测量节肢动物食草动物的反应。如之前所报道的，用TNV免疫可对炭疽病菌提供高度保护，使病斑数量和真菌坏死面积减少65 - 93%。然而，对上部叶片上的二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）种群增长没有系统性影响，并且在叶脉一侧的叶片组织上进行局部TNV感染也不会对叶片另一侧无病毒的部分上的螨虫表现产生系统性影响。同样，当在诱导植株的系统性保护叶片上饲养草地贪夜蛾幼虫时，对其生长速率、蛹重或存活率没有影响。在自由选择试验中，温室白粉虱在诱导植株和对照植株上随意产卵。草地贪夜蛾的取食偏好各不相同，但条纹黄瓜甲虫始终在诱导植株上比在对照植株上取食更多。然而，在诱导植株的系统性保护叶片中葫芦素的含量并没有增加。这些发现表明，黄瓜中病原体激活的诱导抗性不太可能对食草动物提供显著保护。葫芦科植物中诱导抗性的机制和特异性在对病原体或食草动物诱导的反应中显然有所不同。
