Orr D B, Boethel D J
Dept. of Entomology, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 70803, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Oecologia. 1986 Sep;70(2):242-249. doi: 10.1007/BF00379247.
The effects of an insect herbivore-resistant soybean genotype on relationships between four levels of a trophic system were examined in the laboratory using both greenhouse and field-grown plants. Pre-imaginal development of the predatory pentatomid, Podisus maculiventris (Say), was affected by soybean antibiosis in a manner similar to that of its lepidopteran prey, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker). Pre-imaginal development time was increased, and cumulative weight gain tended to be reduced on both greenhouse and field-grown resistant foliage; although mortality was increased on greenhouse-grown resistant foliage, it appeared unchanged on field-grown foliage. Reproductive capacity of P. maculiventris reared on P. includens larvae that were fed resistant soybean generally was unaffected, although peak progeny production was delayed and extended slightly. Pre-imaginal development and adult emergence of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead from eggs of P. maculiventris reared on P. includens larvae that were fed resistant soybean were unaffected. However, the overall reproductive capabilities of this parasitoid were reduced. Our results demonstrate that plant antibiosis can influence the biology of organisms over four trophic levels, thus documenting a relationship heretofore undescribed. Determination of the final outcome of the interaction between plant resistance and biological control is difficult. The four trophic level model reported in this study further illustrates the complexity which hinhers a general understanding of these interactions.
在实验室中，利用温室种植和田间种植的植物，研究了一种抗食草昆虫的大豆基因型对一个四级营养系统中各生物间关系的影响。捕食性蝽象黄斑豆蝽（Podisus maculiventris (Say)）的幼虫前期发育受到大豆抗生性的影响，其方式与其鳞翅目猎物甘蓝夜蛾（Pseudoplusia includens (Walker)）相似。在温室种植和田间种植的抗性叶片上，幼虫前期发育时间均增加，累积体重增加往往减少；虽然在温室种植的抗性叶片上死亡率增加，但在田间种植的叶片上似乎没有变化。以取食抗性大豆的甘蓝夜蛾幼虫为食的黄斑豆蝽的生殖能力总体上未受影响，不过子代产量峰值有所延迟且略有延长。以取食抗性大豆的甘蓝夜蛾幼虫为食的黄斑豆蝽所产的卵中，卵寄生蜂豆荚卵蜂（Telenomus podisi Ashmead）的幼虫前期发育和成虫羽化未受影响。然而，这种寄生蜂的总体生殖能力有所下降。我们的结果表明，植物抗生性可影响四个营养级生物的生物学特性，从而证明了一种此前未被描述的关系。确定植物抗性与生物防治之间相互作用的最终结果很困难。本研究报告的四级营养级模型进一步说明了全面理解这些相互作用所存在的复杂性。
