Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., Moscow, ID, 83843-2329, USA.
Department of Plant Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 26;11(1):4761. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84212-x.
The Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidmyiidae) is a major pest of wheat, globally. We conducted a series of laboratory choice and no-choice assays to quantify Hessian fly host preference for barley (cv. Champion), oat (cv. Cayuse), susceptible (cv. Alturas), and resistant (cv. Hollis) wheat. In addition, larval survivorship and adult emergence were compared among the evaluated host plants. We then examined whether insect preference for a host can be explained by differences in plant spectral reflectance. Further, larval survivorship and adult emergence were compared among host plants in relation to phytohormone concentrations. Hessian flies laid more eggs on wheat compared to either oat or barley. Spectral reflectance measurements of leaves were similar between susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars but different from those of barley and oat. Our results suggested that higher reflectance in the near-infrared range and lower reflectance in the visible range may be used by females for host selection. Hessian fly larvae were unable to develop into the pupal stage on resistant wheat and oat. No significant difference in larval survivorship was detected between the susceptible wheat and barley. However, adult emergence was significantly higher on barley than the susceptible wheat. Phytohormonal evaluations revealed that salicylic acid (SA) may be an important contributor to plant defense response to larval feeding as relatively higher concentrations of SA were present in oat and resistant wheat. While resistance in the resistant wheat is achieved only through antibiosis, both antibiosis and antixenosis were in effect rendering oat as a non-host for Hessian flies.
麦长管蚜（Diptera: Cecidmyiidae）是一种全球性的小麦主要害虫。我们进行了一系列的实验室选择和非选择试验，以量化麦长管蚜对大麦（品种冠军）、燕麦（品种凯尤塞）、感虫（品种阿尔塔拉斯）和抗虫（品种霍利斯）小麦的偏好。此外，还比较了评估的寄主植物中幼虫的存活率和成虫的羽化率。然后，我们研究了昆虫对寄主的偏好是否可以用植物光谱反射率的差异来解释。此外，还比较了寄主植物中幼虫的存活率和成虫的羽化率与植物激素浓度的关系。与燕麦或大麦相比，麦长管蚜在小麦上产卵更多。感虫和抗虫小麦品种叶片的光谱反射率测量值相似，但与大麦和燕麦不同。我们的研究结果表明，在近红外范围内较高的反射率和在可见光范围内较低的反射率可能被雌虫用于寄主选择。麦长管蚜幼虫无法在抗虫小麦和燕麦上发育成蛹。在感虫小麦和大麦之间，幼虫的存活率没有显著差异。然而，在大麦上成虫的羽化率显著高于感虫小麦。植物激素评估表明，水杨酸（SA）可能是植物对幼虫取食防御反应的一个重要贡献者，因为在燕麦和抗虫小麦中存在相对较高浓度的 SA。虽然抗虫小麦的抗性仅通过抗生性实现，但抗生性和抗生性都使燕麦成为麦长管蚜的非寄主。
