Schultz B B
School of Natural Science, Hampshire College, 01002, Amherst, MA, USA.
Oecologia. 1992 May;90(2):297-299. doi: 10.1007/BF00317190.
Recent studies have suggested that plant galls benefit only the insects living in them and not the host plants, and that galls are induced by insects primarily to improve the plant as a microenvironment or a food source. The potential advantage to insects of protection from their predators and parasitoids has been considered unclear and perhaps minor in importance. However, the potential threat to gallforming insects from other insect herbivores has usually been relatively neglected. This paper notes literature and observations which suggest that herbivores may either consume or be deterred by galls. Even soft leaf galls produced by Hormaphis and Phylloxera aphids appeared to deter some herbivores in the field. The threat of herbivory to galls might help explain general patterns of gall ecology and morphology, and deserves closer attention.
最近的研究表明，植物虫瘿仅对生活在其中的昆虫有益，而对寄主植物并无益处，并且虫瘿主要是由昆虫诱导形成的，目的是将植物改善为一个微环境或食物来源。昆虫免受捕食者和寄生生物侵害的潜在优势一直被认为并不明确，其重要性或许也较小。然而，形成虫瘿的昆虫来自其他食草昆虫的潜在威胁通常相对被忽视了。本文记录了一些文献和观察结果，这些表明食草动物可能会吃掉虫瘿，也可能会被虫瘿阻止。即使是由 Hormaphis 和 Phylloxera 蚜虫产生的软叶虫瘿，在田间似乎也能阻止一些食草动物。食草动物对虫瘿的威胁可能有助于解释虫瘿生态学和形态学的一般模式，值得进一步关注。
