Forbes M, Weatherhead P I, Bennett G E
Department of Biology, University or Regina, S4S 0A2, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Oecologia. 1994 May;97(4):520-525. doi: 10.1007/BF00325891.
Blood parasites of blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) were sampled and the factors responsible for variation in prevalence of blood parasites, and patterns of association among parasite species, were investigated. Five genera of haematozoa were surveyed including four protozoans (Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, Plasmodium, and Trypanosoma) and a nematode (Splendidofilaria). Prevalence of blood parasites varied significantly between years; sexes differed in number of parasite species in one of two years. Both positive and negative 'overall' associations among all parasites were found when variance-ratio tests were used indicating that blood parasites often were not independent of one another. In general, Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma often co-occurred; the strongest associations between these two parasites appeared in samples of hosts most heavily infected by other parasites. Negative associations between parasite species always involved Haemoproteus. Associations between pairs of species did not account wholly for overall patterns of associations within the parasite assemblage. Studies of associations within blood parasite assemblages are important for understanding the ecology of haemotropic infections and for clucidating the need for multi-parasite models of parasite-host interactions.
对蓝松鸡（Dendragapus obscurus）的血液寄生虫进行了采样，并研究了导致血液寄生虫患病率变化的因素以及寄生虫物种之间的关联模式。调查了五个血孢子虫属，包括四种原生动物（血变虫属、白细胞虫属、疟原虫属和锥虫属）和一种线虫（华丽丝虫属）。血液寄生虫的患病率在不同年份之间存在显著差异；在两年中的一年里，不同性别的寄生虫物种数量有所不同。当使用方差比检验时，发现所有寄生虫之间存在正相关和负相关的“总体”关联，这表明血液寄生虫通常并非相互独立。一般来说，白细胞虫属和锥虫属经常同时出现；这两种寄生虫之间最强的关联出现在受其他寄生虫感染最严重的宿主样本中。寄生虫物种之间的负相关总是涉及血变虫属。成对物种之间的关联并不能完全解释寄生虫群落内关联的总体模式。研究血液寄生虫群落内的关联对于理解血源性感染的生态学以及阐明寄生虫 - 宿主相互作用的多寄生虫模型的必要性很重要。
