Lentinula edodes Genome Survey and Postharvest Transcriptome Analysis.

is a popular, cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom. is susceptible to postharvest problems, such as gill browning, fruiting body softening, and lentinan degradation. We constructed a assembly draft genome sequence and performed gene prediction for assembly was carried out using short reads from paired-end and mate-paired libraries and by using long reads by PacBio, resulting in a contig number of 1,951 and an of 1 Mb. Furthermore, we predicted genes by Augustus using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data from the whole life cycle of , resulting in 12,959 predicted genes. This analysis revealed that lacks lignin peroxidase. To reveal genes involved in the loss of quality of postharvest fruiting bodies, transcriptome analysis was carried out using serial analysis of gene expression (SuperSAGE). This analysis revealed that many cell wall-related enzymes are upregulated after harvest, such as β-1,3-1,6-glucan-degrading enzymes in glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH5, GH16, GH30, GH55, and GH128, and thaumatin-like proteins. In addition, we found that several chitin-related genes are upregulated, such as putative chitinases in GH family 18, exochitinases in GH20, and a putative chitosanase in GH family 75. The results suggest that cell wall-degrading enzymes synergistically cooperate for rapid fruiting body autolysis. Many putative transcription factor genes were upregulated postharvest, such as genes containing high-mobility-group (HMG) domains and zinc finger domains. Several cell death-related proteins were also upregulated postharvest. Our data collectively suggest that there is a rapid fruiting body autolysis system in The genes for the loss of postharvest quality newly found in this research will be targets for the future breeding of strains that keep fresh longer than present strains. genome assembly data will be used for the construction of a complete chromosome map for future breeding.