Chen Yezi, Lu Jiamei, Wang Yiwen, Feng Zhouqi, Yuan Bo
Education Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
Neurosci Lett. 2017 Apr 24;647:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.03.018. Epub 2017 Mar 16.
Previous research shows that social distance plays an important role in promoting cooperation and that subtle cues that reduce social distance increase the tendency to cooperate. However, it is unclear how social distance influences our outcome evaluation of cooperative and conflict feedback. The present study investigated the influence of social distance on cooperative and conflict behavior and the evaluation process of the cooperative and conflict outcomes, using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique. We recorded ERPs from 14 normal adults playing a social game task against a friend and a stranger. The results showed that the FRN (Feedback Related Negativity) and P300 were affected by the opponent's choice to cooperate or aggress; however, only the P300 was affected by social distance. Specifically, when the opponent chose to cooperate, the feedback elicited a smaller FRN and a larger P300 amplitude; and compared with playing against friends, the P300 had a larger amplitude when participants gaming with strangers. Our results indicate that at the early stage of the evaluation of cooperation and conflict outcomes, individuals may initially and quickly encode the valence of outcomes, judging whether an outcome is consistent with their expectations. However, at the late stage, which involves a top-down cognitive appraisal process, some social factors, such as social distance, may moderate processing of attention resource allocation of feedback about outcomes, and of higher-level motivation/affective appraisal.
先前的研究表明，社会距离在促进合作方面发挥着重要作用，且那些能缩短社会距离的微妙线索会增加合作倾向。然而，目前尚不清楚社会距离如何影响我们对合作和冲突反馈的结果评估。本研究运用事件相关电位（ERP）技术，考察了社会距离对合作与冲突行为以及合作和冲突结果评估过程的影响。我们记录了14名正常成年人在与朋友和陌生人玩社交游戏任务时的ERP。结果显示，反馈相关负波（FRN）和P300受对手合作或攻击选择的影响；然而，只有P300受社会距离影响。具体而言，当对手选择合作时，反馈引发的FRN较小，P300波幅较大；与和朋友玩相比，参与者与陌生人玩时P300波幅更大。我们的研究结果表明，在合作和冲突结果评估的早期阶段，个体可能最初会快速编码结果的效价，判断结果是否符合他们的预期。然而，在涉及自上而下认知评估过程的后期阶段，一些社会因素，如社会距离，可能会调节对结果反馈的注意力资源分配以及更高层次动机/情感评估的处理。
