Govrin Aner
The Program for Hermenutics and Cultural Studies, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Front Psychol. 2019 Aug 21;10:1781. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01781. eCollection 2019.
Psychoanalytic innovation is easy to recognize but difficult to define. There is a dearth of literature exploring the nature of innovation in our field. My main thesis is that psychoanalytic innovation can be of two types. Psychoanalytic innovation of the first order is about new discoveries concerning facts related to the psyche, development, transference relations, or psychopathology. It usually emerges as a development of insights from canonical psychoanalytic theory; offers an original explanation for a choice of empirical psychic phenomena hitherto unexamined; is perceived as creative and useful when it succeeds to reconceptualize the relations between the patient's past, unconscious dynamics, and the transference relations; often resembles poetic expression; and registers a truth we knew but did not yet put into words. When it is of the second order, psychoanalytic innovation challenges either methodological or philosophical assumptions held by psychoanalysis, without pretending to replace existing theories. It constitutes a "sensibility" that its adherents strive to incorporate into the existing corpus. I distinguish between two types of sensibilities: cultural -philosophical sensibility represented by the relational approach; and methodological sensibility represented by infant research, and neuropsychoanalysis. In the last part of the paper I analyze psychoanalytic progress pointing to its merits and shortcomings.
精神分析创新易于识别却难以定义。目前鲜有文献探讨我们这个领域创新的本质。我的主要论点是，精神分析创新可分为两种类型。一阶精神分析创新涉及与心理、发展、移情关系或精神病理学相关事实的新发现。它通常作为经典精神分析理论见解的发展而出现；为迄今未被审视的一系列经验性心理现象提供一种原创性解释；当它成功地重新概念化患者的过去、无意识动力和移情关系之间的关系时，被视为具有创造性且有用；常常类似于诗意表达；并记录下我们已知但尚未言明的真理。当它属于二阶时，精神分析创新会挑战精神分析所秉持的方法论或哲学假设，而不试图取代现有理论。它构成一种“敏感性”，其追随者努力将其纳入现有理论体系。我区分了两种类型的敏感性：以关系取向为代表的文化 - 哲学敏感性；以及以婴儿研究和神经精神分析为代表的方法论敏感性。在论文的最后一部分，我分析了精神分析的进展，指出了其优点和缺点。
