Teixidó-Compañó Ester, Espelt Albert, Sordo Luis, Bravo María J, Sarasa-Renedo Ana, Indave B Iciar, Bosque-Prous Marina, Brugal M Teresa
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la salut, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia en Ciències de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona), Spain.
Gac Sanit. 2018 Jan-Feb;32(1):41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.12.017. Epub 2017 Mar 18.
To determine differences between men and women in hazardous drinking, heavy cannabis use and hypnosedative use according to educational level and employment status in the economically active population in Spain.
Cross-sectional study with data from 2013 Spanish Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs on individuals aged 25-64 [n=14,113 (women=6,171; men=7,942)]. Dependent variables were hazardous drinking, heavy cannabis use and hypnosedative consumption; the main independent variables were educational level and employment situation. Associations between dependent and independent variables were calculated with Poisson regression models with robust variance. All analyses were stratified by sex.
Hazardous drinking and heavy cannabis use were higher in men, while women consumed more hypnosedatives. The lower the educational level, the greater the gender differences in the prevalence of this substances owing to different consumption patterns in men and women. While men with a lower educational level were higher hazardous drinkers [RII=2.57 (95%CI: 1.75-3.78)] and heavy cannabis users [RII=3.03 (95%CI: 1.88-4.89)] compared to higher educational level, in women the prevalence was the same. Women with a lower education level and men with a higher education level had higher hypnosedative consumption. Unemployment was associated with increased heavy cannabis use and hypnosedative use in both women and men and with lower hazardous drinking only in women.
There are differences between men and women in the use of psychoactive substances that can be explained by the unequal distribution of substance use in them according to educational level. Unemployment was associated with substance use in both men and women.
根据西班牙经济活跃人口的教育水平和就业状况，确定男性和女性在危险饮酒、大量使用大麻和使用催眠镇静药物方面的差异。
采用横断面研究，数据来自2013年西班牙家庭酒精和药物调查，对象为25 - 64岁的个体[n = 14,113（女性 = 6,171；男性 = 7,942）]。因变量为危险饮酒、大量使用大麻和催眠镇静药物消费；主要自变量为教育水平和就业状况。使用具有稳健方差的泊松回归模型计算因变量和自变量之间的关联。所有分析按性别分层。
男性的危险饮酒和大量使用大麻情况较多，而女性使用更多的催眠镇静药物。教育水平越低，由于男女消费模式不同，这些物质流行率的性别差异就越大。与教育水平较高的男性相比，教育水平较低的男性危险饮酒者比例更高[相对增量指数（RII）= 2.57（95%置信区间：1.75 - 3.78）]，大量使用大麻者比例更高[RII = 3.03（95%置信区间：1.88 - 4.89）]，而女性中的流行率相同。教育水平较低的女性和教育水平较高的男性催眠镇静药物消费量更高。失业与男性和女性大量使用大麻及使用催眠镇静药物的增加有关，且仅与女性危险饮酒的减少有关。
男女在使用精神活性物质方面存在差异，这可以通过根据教育水平物质使用的不平等分布来解释。失业与男性和女性的物质使用有关。
