Peacock Amy, Bruno Raimondo, Ferris Jason, Winstock Adam
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 May 1;174:70-79. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Feb 28.
The study aims were to identify: i.) energy drink (ED), caffeine tablet, and caffeine intranasal spray use amongst a sample who report drug use, and ii.) the association between ED use frequency and demographic profile, drug use, hazardous drinking, and wellbeing.
Participants (n=74,864) who reported drug use completed the online 2014 Global Drug Survey. They provided data on demographics, ED use, and alcohol and drug use, completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), and reported whether they wished to reduce alcohol use.
Lifetime ED, caffeine tablet and intranasal caffeine spray use were reported by 69.2%, 24.5% and 4.9%. Median age of ED initiation was 16 years. For those aged 16-37, median years using EDs increased from 4 to 17 years of consumption, where it declined thereafter. Greater ED use frequency was associated with: being male; under 21 years of age; studying; and past year caffeine tablet/intranasal spray, tobacco, cannabis, amphetamine, MDMA, and cocaine use. Past year, infrequent (1-4days) and frequent (≥5days) past month ED consumers reported higher AUDIT scores and lower PWI scores than lifetime abstainers; past month consumers were less likely to report a desire to reduce alcohol use.
ED use is part of a complex interplay of drug use, alcohol problems, and poorer personal wellbeing, and ED use frequency may be a flag for current/future problems. Prospective research is required exploring where ED use fits within the trajectory of other alcohol and drug use.
本研究旨在确定：i）在报告有药物使用情况的样本中，能量饮料（ED）、咖啡因片和咖啡因鼻喷雾剂的使用情况；ii）能量饮料使用频率与人口统计学特征、药物使用、有害饮酒及幸福感之间的关联。
报告有药物使用情况的参与者（n = 74,864）完成了2014年全球药物在线调查。他们提供了有关人口统计学、能量饮料使用、酒精和药物使用的数据，完成了酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）和个人幸福感指数（PWI），并报告了是否希望减少酒精使用。
有69.2%的人报告终生使用过能量饮料，24.5%使用过咖啡因片，4.9%使用过咖啡因鼻喷雾剂。开始使用能量饮料的中位年龄为16岁。对于16 - 37岁的人群，使用能量饮料的中位年数从4年增加到17年，此后呈下降趋势。更高的能量饮料使用频率与以下因素相关：男性；21岁以下；学生；以及过去一年使用过咖啡因片/鼻喷雾剂、烟草、大麻、安非他命、摇头丸和可卡因。在过去一年中，过去一个月偶尔（1 - 4天）和频繁（≥5天）饮用能量饮料的消费者报告的AUDIT分数高于终生不饮用者，PWI分数低于终生不饮用者；过去一个月饮用能量饮料的消费者报告希望减少酒精使用的可能性较小。
能量饮料的使用是药物使用、酒精问题和较差个人幸福感之间复杂相互作用的一部分，能量饮料的使用频率可能是当前/未来问题的一个标志。需要进行前瞻性研究，以探索能量饮料的使用在其他酒精和药物使用轨迹中的位置。
