McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2017 Sep 1;7(9):a025676. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025676.
Biologic scaffold materials composed of allogeneic or xenogeneic extracellular matrix are commonly used for the repair and functional reconstruction of injured and missing tissues. These naturally occurring bioscaffolds are manufactured by the removal of the cellular content from source tissues while preserving the structural and functional molecular units of the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM). The mechanisms by which these bioscaffolds facilitate constructive remodeling and favorable clinical outcomes include release or creation of effector molecules that recruit endogenous stem/progenitor cells to the site of scaffold placement and modulation of the innate immune response, specifically the activation of an anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. The methods by which ECM biologic scaffolds are prepared, the current understanding of in vivo scaffold remodeling, and the associated clinical outcomes are discussed in this article.
由同种异体或异种细胞外基质组成的生物支架材料常用于修复和功能性重建受损和缺失的组织。这些天然存在的生物支架是通过从源组织中去除细胞内容物，同时保留剩余细胞外基质（ECM）的结构和功能分子单位来制造的。这些生物支架促进建设性重塑和有利临床结果的机制包括释放或创建募集内源性干细胞/祖细胞到支架放置部位的效应分子，以及调节固有免疫反应，特别是激活抗炎性巨噬细胞表型。本文讨论了 ECM 生物支架的制备方法、体内支架重塑的现有认识以及相关的临床结果。
