Mata-Miranda Monica Maribel, Delgado-Macuil Raul Jacobo, Rojas-Lopez Marlon, Martinez-Flores Ricardo, Vazquez-Zapien Gustavo Jesus
Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Escuela Medico Militar, Centro Militar de Ciencias de la Salud, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 11200, Mexico.
Centro de Investigacion en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Tepetitla, Tlaxcala, 90700, Mexico.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2017;12(5):423-431. doi: 10.2174/1574888X12666170317163416.
Kidney diseases are a public health problem worldwide. Available therapies include function replacement by dialysis or transplant, which are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Likewise, none of these treatments compensate all kidney functions. There is a great concern in developing more effective therapies with the ability to replace the wide range of renal functions, so that, new studies on developing therapeutic strategies have focused on regenerative medicine.
The aim of this paper is to review the new advances in regenerative medicine for renal failure treatment.
Regenerative medicine comprises two therapeutic strategies: cell therapy and tissue engineering. Cell therapy techniques depend on cell and tissue cultures, with the aim to replace morphological structures, tissues, and functions. The main strategic strength of cell therapy in renal failure is the incorporation of additional cells in a damaged kidney, for which purpose different kind of Stem Cells (SCs) have been used such as Embryonic SCs, induced Pluripotent SCs, Multipotent SCs, Renal SCs, or drugs that increase survival and mobilization of SCs. Tissue engineering complements cell therapy combining techniques of biological sciences and engineering to create structures and devices as scaffolds, matrices or 3D biocompatible materials.
Even though there is a significant advance in regenerative medicine strategies, we are far from using any of its techniques on health institutions, due to it is necessary to evaluate side effects, biodistribution, dosage, type of administration, vehicle of cell therapy, as well as the evaluation of response time and long-term studies, among other studies.
肾脏疾病是全球范围内的一个公共卫生问题。现有的治疗方法包括透析或移植进行功能替代，但这些方法伴随着高发病率和死亡率。同样，这些治疗方法都无法补偿所有的肾脏功能。开发更有效的能够替代广泛肾脏功能的治疗方法备受关注，因此，关于开发治疗策略的新研究聚焦于再生医学。
本文旨在综述再生医学在肾衰竭治疗方面的新进展。
再生医学包括两种治疗策略：细胞治疗和组织工程。细胞治疗技术依赖于细胞和组织培养，旨在替代形态结构、组织和功能。肾衰竭细胞治疗的主要战略优势在于在受损肾脏中引入额外的细胞，为此已使用了不同类型的干细胞，如胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、多能干细胞、肾干细胞，或能提高干细胞存活和动员能力的药物。组织工程通过结合生物科学和工程技术来补充细胞治疗，以创建作为支架、基质或三维生物相容性材料的结构和装置。
尽管再生医学策略取得了显著进展，但由于需要评估副作用、生物分布、剂量、给药方式、细胞治疗载体，以及评估反应时间和长期研究等诸多研究，我们距离在医疗机构中应用其任何技术仍很遥远。
