Department of Psychiatry,University Of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
First Department of Neurology,AHEPA Hospital,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki,Greece.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2017 Aug;29(8):1355-1361. doi: 10.1017/S1041610217000096. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD) are the most common causes of dementia in older people. Both diseases appear to have similar clinical symptoms, such as deficits in attention and executive function, but specific cognitive domains are affected. Current cohort studies have shown a close relationship between αβ deposits and age-related macular degeneration (Johnson et al., 2002; Ratnayaka et al., 2015). Additionally, a close link between the thinning of the retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) and AD patients has been described, while it has been proposed that AD patients suffer from a non-specific type of color blindness (Pache et al., 2003).
Our study included 103 individuals divided into three groups: A healthy control group (n = 35), AD (n = 32) according to DSM-IV-TR, NINCDS-ADRDA criteria, and VaD (n = 36) based on ΝΙΝDS-AIREN, as well as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) results. The severity of patient's cognitive impairment, was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and was classified according to the Reisberg global deterioration scale (GDS). Visual perception was examined using the Ishihara plates: "Ishihara Color Vision Test - 38 Plate."
The three groups were not statistically different for demographic data (age, gender, and education). The Ishihara color blindness test has a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 87.5% to discriminate AD and VaD patients when an optimal (32.5) cut-off value of performance is used.
Ishihara Color Vision Test - 38 Plate is a promising potential method as an easy and not time-consuming screening test for the differential diagnosis of dementia between AD and VaD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）和血管性痴呆（VaD）是老年人中最常见的痴呆症病因。这两种疾病的临床症状似乎相似，例如注意力和执行功能缺陷，但受影响的特定认知领域不同。目前的队列研究表明，αβ 沉积与年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）之间存在密切关系（Johnson 等人，2002 年；Ratnayaka 等人，2015 年）。此外，AD 患者的视网膜神经纤维（RNFL）变薄之间存在密切联系，而据报道，AD 患者患有非特异性类型的色盲（Pache 等人，2003 年）。
我们的研究包括 103 名个体，分为三组：健康对照组（n = 35）、根据 DSM-IV-TR、NINCDS-ADRDA 标准诊断的 AD 组（n = 32）和基于 ΝΙΝDS-AIREN 的 VaD 组（n = 36），以及磁共振成像（MRI）结果。使用简易精神状态检查（MMSE）测量患者认知障碍的严重程度，并根据 Reisberg 总体恶化量表（GDS）进行分类。使用 Ishihara 板检查视力：“Ishihara 色盲测试 - 38 板”。
三组在人口统计学数据（年龄、性别和教育程度）方面没有统计学差异。当使用最佳（32.5）性能截断值时，Ishihara 色盲测试对区分 AD 和 VaD 患者具有 80.6%的敏感性和 87.5%的特异性。
Ishihara 色盲测试 - 38 板是一种很有前途的潜在方法，作为一种简单且不耗时的筛选测试，用于 AD 和 VaD 之间的痴呆症鉴别诊断。
