Brown Brian V, Hash John M, Hartop Emily A, Porras Wendy, Amorim Dalton de Souza
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America.
University of California, Riverside, United States of America.
Biodivers Data J. 2017 Jan 31(5):e11277. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.5.e11277. eCollection 2017.
Numerous well-documented associations occur among species of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), but examples of brood parasitism are rare and the mechanisms of parasitism often remain unsubstantiated.
We present two video-documented examples of ant brood (larvae and pupae) parasitism by scuttle flies. In footage from Estação Biológica de Boracéia in Brazil, adult females of Borgmeier can be seen attacking workers of (Mayr) species group while they are carrying brood, and ovipositing directly onto brood in the nest. In another remarkable example, footage from the Soltis Center, near Peñas Blancas in Costa Rica, shows adult females of an unidentified species of the Borgmeier group mounting Westwood brood upside-down and ovipositing while the brood are being transported by workers. Analysis of evolutionary relationships (in preparation) among Coquillett species shows that this is a newly derived behavior within the genus, as the group arises within a group of adult ant parasitoids. In contrast, relationships of Borgmeier have not been studied, and the lifestyles of the other species in the genus are largely unknown.
蚤蝇（双翅目：蚤蝇科）和蚂蚁（膜翅目：蚁科）的众多物种之间存在大量有充分记录的关联，但巢寄生的例子很少见，寄生机制往往仍未得到证实。
我们展示了两个蚤蝇寄生蚂蚁幼虫和蛹的视频记录实例。在巴西博拉塞亚生物站的视频中，可以看到博尔格迈尔蚤蝇的成年雌性攻击携带幼虫的迈尔蚁属物种组的工蚁，并直接在巢内的幼虫上产卵。在另一个引人注目的例子中，来自哥斯达黎加佩尼亚斯布兰卡附近索尔蒂斯中心的视频显示，博尔格迈尔蚤蝇属一个未鉴定物种的成年雌性倒挂在韦斯特伍德蚁属的幼虫上产卵，而这些幼虫正由工蚁搬运。对科基利特蚤蝇属物种之间进化关系的分析（正在准备中）表明，这是该属内一种新出现的行为，因为该物种组出现在成年蚂蚁寄生蜂的一个类群中。相比之下，博尔格迈尔蚤蝇属的关系尚未得到研究，该属其他物种的生活方式在很大程度上也不为人知。
