Barański Marcin, Rempelos Leonidas, Iversen Per Ole, Leifert Carlo
Nafferton Ecological Farming Group (NEFG), School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK.
Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.
Food Nutr Res. 2017 Mar 6;61(1):1287333. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1287333. eCollection 2017.
The most recent systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses have indicated significant and nutritionally-relevant composition differences between organic and conventional foods. This included higher antioxidant, but lower cadmium and pesticide levels in organic crops, and higher omega-3 fatty acids concentrations in organic meat and dairy products. Also, results from a small number of human cohort studies indicate that there are positive associations between organic food consumption and reduced risk/incidence of certain acute diseases (e.g. pre-eclampsia, hypospadias) and obesity. Concerns about potential negative health impacts of organic food consumption (e.g. risks linked to lower iodine levels in organic milk) have also been raised, but are not currently supported by evidence from human cohort studies. However, there is virtually no published data from (1) long-term cohort studies focusing on chronic diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative conditions) and (2) controlled human dietary intervention studies comparing effects of organic and conventional diets. It is therefore currently not possible to quantify to what extent organic food consumption may affect human health.
最近的系统文献综述和荟萃分析表明，有机食品和传统食品在营养相关成分上存在显著差异。这包括有机作物中抗氧化剂含量较高，但镉和农药含量较低，以及有机肉类和乳制品中ω-3脂肪酸浓度较高。此外，少数人群队列研究的结果表明，食用有机食品与某些急性疾病（如先兆子痫、尿道下裂）和肥胖症的风险降低/发病率降低之间存在正相关。也有人担心食用有机食品可能对健康产生负面影响（如与有机牛奶中碘含量较低相关的风险），但目前尚无人群队列研究的证据支持这一点。然而，几乎没有来自以下两方面的已发表数据：（1）关注慢性病（如心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症和神经退行性疾病）的长期队列研究；（2）比较有机饮食和传统饮食效果的人体对照饮食干预研究。因此，目前无法量化食用有机食品可能在多大程度上影响人类健康。
