Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Żołnierska 14 C, Olsztyn, 10-561, Poland.
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Warszawska 30, Olsztyn, Poland.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017 Sep;36(9):1531-1540. doi: 10.1007/s10096-017-2965-0. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Blastocystis is an enteric parasite that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many animals. This emerging parasite has a worldwide distribution. It is often identified as the most common eukaryotic organism reported in human fecal samples. This parasite is recognized and diagnosed more often than ever before. Furthermore, some strains develop resistance against currently recommended drugs, such as metronidazole; therefore, the use of natural remedies or special diets has many positive aspects that may address this problem. The goal of this review is to compare natural treatments and various diets against the efficacy of drugs, and describe their influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, which affects Blastocystis growth and the occurrence of symptoms. This article reviews important work in the literature, including the classification, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, genetics, biology, and treatment of Blastocystis. It also includes a review of the current knowledge about human gut microbiota and various diets proposed for Blastocystis eradication. The literature has revealed that garlic, ginger, some medical plants, and many spices contain the most effective organic compounds for parasite eradication. They work by inhibiting parasitic enzymes and nucleic acids, as well as by inhibiting protein synthesis. The efficacy of any specific organic compound depends on the Blastocystis subtype, and, consequently, on its immunity to treatment. In conclusion, the article discusses the findings that human gut microbiota composition triggers important mechanisms at the molecular level, and, thus, has a crucial influence on the parasitic pathogenicity.
芽囊原虫是一种肠道寄生虫，栖息在人类和许多动物的胃肠道中。这种新兴的寄生虫分布广泛。它通常被认为是在人类粪便样本中报告的最常见的真核生物。这种寄生虫的识别和诊断比以往任何时候都更加频繁。此外，一些菌株对目前推荐的药物（如甲硝唑）产生了耐药性；因此，天然疗法或特殊饮食具有许多积极的方面，可以解决这个问题。本综述的目的是比较天然疗法和各种饮食与药物疗效的比较，并描述它们对肠道微生物群组成的影响，这影响了芽囊原虫的生长和症状的发生。本文综述了文献中的重要工作，包括芽囊原虫的分类、生命周期、流行病学、发病机制、致病性、遗传学、生物学和治疗。它还包括对人类肠道微生物群和为根除芽囊原虫而提出的各种饮食的最新知识的综述。文献表明，大蒜、生姜、一些药用植物和许多香料都含有最有效的有机化合物来消灭寄生虫。它们通过抑制寄生虫酶和核酸以及抑制蛋白质合成来发挥作用。任何特定有机化合物的疗效取决于芽囊原虫的亚型，因此取决于其对治疗的免疫力。总之，本文讨论了这样一个发现，即人类肠道微生物群的组成在分子水平上触发了重要的机制，因此对寄生虫的致病性有至关重要的影响。
