Rigoni Michela, Montecucco Cesare
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy.
J Neurochem. 2017 Aug;142 Suppl 2:122-129. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13956. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
An extraordinary property of the peripheral nervous system is that nerve terminals can regenerate after damage caused by different physical, chemical, or biological pathogens. Regeneration is the result of a complex and ill-known interplay among the nerve, the glia, the muscle, the basal lamina and, in some cases, the immune system. This phenomenon has been studied using different injury models mainly in rodents, particularly in mice, where a lesion can be produced in a chosen anatomical area. These approaches differ significantly among them for the nature of the lesion and the final outcomes. We have reviewed here the most common experimental models employed to induce motor axon injury, the relative advantages and drawbacks, and the principal read-outs used to monitor the regenerative process. Recently introduced tools for inducing reversible damage to the motor axon terminal that overcome some of the drawbacks of the more classical approaches are also discussed. Animal models have provided precious information about the cellular components involved in the regenerative process and on its electrophysiological features. Methods and tools made available recently allow one to identify and study molecules that are involved in the crosstalk among the components of the endplate. The time-course of the intercellular signaling and of the intracellular pathways activated will draw a picture of the entire process of regeneration as seen from a privileged anatomical site of observation. This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
外周神经系统的一个非凡特性是，神经末梢在受到不同物理、化学或生物病原体造成的损伤后能够再生。再生是神经、神经胶质、肌肉、基膜以及在某些情况下免疫系统之间复杂且尚不明确的相互作用的结果。主要在啮齿动物，特别是小鼠中，使用不同的损伤模型对这一现象进行了研究，在小鼠中可以在选定的解剖区域产生损伤。这些方法在损伤的性质和最终结果方面差异很大。我们在此回顾了用于诱导运动轴突损伤的最常见实验模型、相对优缺点以及用于监测再生过程的主要读数。还讨论了最近引入的用于诱导运动轴突终末可逆性损伤的工具，这些工具克服了一些更经典方法的缺点。动物模型提供了有关再生过程中涉及的细胞成分及其电生理特征的宝贵信息。最近可用的方法和工具使人们能够识别和研究参与终板成分间相互作用的分子。从一个特殊的解剖观察部位来看，细胞间信号传导和激活的细胞内途径的时间进程将描绘出整个再生过程。这是一篇发表于第十五届国际胆碱能机制研讨会特刊的文章。
