Ross Kelly G, Currie Ko W, Pearson Bret J, Zayas Ricardo M
Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2017 May;6(3). doi: 10.1002/wdev.266. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Planarians have a long history in the fields of developmental and regenerative biology. These animals have also sparked interest in neuroscience due to their neuroanatomy, spectrum of simple behaviors, and especially, their almost unparalleled ability to generate new neurons after any type of injury. Research in adult planarians has revealed that neuronal subtypes homologous to those found in vertebrates are generated from stem cells throughout their lives. This feat is recapitulated after head amputation, wherein animals are capable of regenerating whole brains and regaining complete neural function. In this review, we summarize early studies on the anatomy and function of the planarian nervous system and discuss our present knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing neurogenesis in planarians. Modern studies demonstrate that the transcriptional programs underlying neuronal specification are conserved in these remarkable organisms. Thus, planarians are outstanding models to investigate questions about how stem cells can replace neurons in vivo. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e266. doi: 10.1002/wdev.266 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
涡虫纲动物在发育生物学和再生生物学领域有着悠久的历史。由于它们的神经解剖结构、简单行为谱，尤其是在遭受任何类型损伤后几乎无与伦比的产生新神经元的能力，这些动物也引起了神经科学领域的关注。对成年涡虫纲动物的研究表明，与脊椎动物中发现的神经元亚型同源的神经元亚型在其一生中都由干细胞产生。头部截肢后这一过程会再次出现，即动物能够再生整个大脑并恢复完整的神经功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于涡虫纲动物神经系统解剖学和功能的早期研究，并讨论了我们目前对涡虫纲动物神经发生调控分子机制的认识。现代研究表明，在这些非凡的生物体中，神经元特化的转录程序是保守的。因此，涡虫纲动物是研究干细胞如何在体内替代神经元问题的优秀模型。《WIREs发育生物学》2017年，6:e266。doi:10.1002/wdev.266 有关本文的更多资源，请访问WIREs网站。
