Hietanen Jonne O, Hietanen Jari K
Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere, Finland.
Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences/Psychology, University of Tampere, Finland.
Conscious Cogn. 2017 May;51:100-115. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.01.019. Epub 2017 Mar 17.
The effect of eye contact on self-awareness was investigated with implicit measures based on the use of first-person singular pronouns in sentences. The measures were proposed to tap into self-referential processing, that is, information processing associated with self-awareness. In addition, participants filled in a questionnaire measuring explicit self-awareness. In Experiment 1, the stimulus was a video clip showing another person and, in Experiment 2, the stimulus was a live person. In both experiments, participants were divided into two groups and presented with the stimulus person either making eye contact or gazing downward, depending on the group assignment. During the task, the gaze stimulus was presented before each trial of the pronoun-selection task. Eye contact was found to increase the use of first-person pronouns, but only when participants were facing a real person, not when they were looking at a video of a person. No difference in self-reported self-awareness was found between the two gaze direction groups in either experiment. The results indicate that eye contact elicits self-referential processing, but the effect may be stronger, or possibly limited to, live interaction.
基于句子中第一人称单数代词的使用，通过内隐测量法研究了眼神交流对自我意识的影响。这些测量方法旨在探究自我参照加工，即与自我意识相关的信息加工。此外，参与者填写了一份测量外显自我意识的问卷。在实验1中，刺激物是一段展示另一个人的视频片段，在实验2中，刺激物是一个真人。在两个实验中，参与者都被分成两组，根据分组安排，向他们呈现的刺激人物要么进行眼神交流，要么向下看。在任务过程中，在代词选择任务的每次试验之前呈现注视刺激。研究发现，眼神交流会增加第一人称代词的使用，但只有当参与者面对真人时才会如此，而当他们观看人物视频时则不会。在两个实验中，两个注视方向组在自我报告的自我意识方面均未发现差异。结果表明，眼神交流会引发自我参照加工，但这种影响可能更强，或者可能仅限于实时互动。
