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水电、风能和太阳能作为南美洲和中美洲100%可再生能源供应的基础。

Hydro, wind and solar power as a base for a 100% renewable energy supply for South and Central America.

作者信息

Barbosa Larissa de Souza Noel Simas, Bogdanov Dmitrii, Vainikka Pasi, Breyer Christian

机构信息

Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Lappeenranta, Finland.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2017 Mar 22;12(3):e0173820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173820. eCollection 2017.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0173820
PMID:28329023
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5362076/
Abstract

Power systems for South and Central America based on 100% renewable energy (RE) in the year 2030 were calculated for the first time using an hourly resolved energy model. The region was subdivided into 15 sub-regions. Four different scenarios were considered: three according to different high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission grid development levels (region, country, area-wide) and one integrated scenario that considers water desalination and industrial gas demand supplied by synthetic natural gas via power-to-gas (PtG). RE is not only able to cover 1813 TWh of estimated electricity demand of the area in 2030 but also able to generate the electricity needed to fulfil 3.9 billion m3 of water desalination and 640 TWhLHV of synthetic natural gas demand. Existing hydro dams can be used as virtual batteries for solar and wind electricity storage, diminishing the role of storage technologies. The results for total levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) are decreased from 62 €/MWh for a highly decentralized to 56 €/MWh for a highly centralized grid scenario (currency value of the year 2015). For the integrated scenario, the levelized cost of gas (LCOG) and the levelized cost of water (LCOW) are 95 €/MWhLHV and 0.91 €/m3, respectively. A reduction of 8% in total cost and 5% in electricity generation was achieved when integrating desalination and power-to-gas into the system.

摘要

首次使用小时级能源模型计算了2030年基于100%可再生能源（RE）的南美洲和中美洲电力系统。该地区被划分为15个次区域。考虑了四种不同情景：三种根据不同的高压直流（HVDC）输电网发展水平（区域、国家、全区域），以及一种综合情景，该情景考虑了海水淡化和通过电力制气（PtG）由合成天然气供应的工业用气需求。可再生能源不仅能够满足该地区2030年估计的1813太瓦时电力需求，还能够产生满足39亿立方米海水淡化和640太瓦时低热值合成天然气需求所需的电力。现有的水坝可作为太阳能和风能储能的虚拟电池，减少储能技术的作用。电力的总平准化成本（LCOE）结果从高度分散情景下的62欧元/兆瓦时降至高度集中电网情景下的56欧元/兆瓦时（2015年货币价值）。对于综合情景，天然气的平准化成本（LCOG）和水的平准化成本（LCOW）分别为95欧元/兆瓦时低热值和0.91欧元/立方米。将海水淡化和电力制气整合到系统中时，总成本降低了8%，发电量降低了5%。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9091/5362076/257ece7e24d0/pone.0173820.g013.jpg
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