Upadhyay Pooja, Shrivastava Rahul, Agrawal Pavan Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, G. B. Pant Engineering College, Ghurdauri, Pauri, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, HP, India.
3 Biotech. 2016 Jun;6(1):15. doi: 10.1007/s13205-015-0316-3. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
Laccase belongs to a small group of enzymes called the blue multicopper oxidases, having the potential ability of oxidation. It belongs to enzymes, which have innate properties of reactive radical production, but its utilization in many fields has been ignored because of its unavailability in the commercial field. There are diverse sources of laccase producing organisms like bacteria, fungi and plants. In fungi, laccase is present in Ascomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Basidiomycetes and is particularly abundant in many white-rot fungi that degrade lignin. Laccases can degrade both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. They also have the ability to detoxify a range of environmental pollutants. Due to their property to detoxify a range of pollutants, they have been used for several purposes in many industries including paper, pulp, textile and petrochemical industries. Some other application of laccase includes in food processing industry, medical and health care. Recently, laccase has found applications in other fields such as in the design of biosensors and nanotechnology. The present review provides an overview of biological functions of laccase, its mechanism of action, laccase mediator system, and various biotechnological applications of laccase obtained from endophytic fungi.
漆酶属于一小类被称为蓝色多铜氧化酶的酶，具有氧化的潜在能力。它属于具有产生活性自由基固有特性的酶，但由于其在商业领域难以获得，其在许多领域的应用一直被忽视。产生漆酶的生物来源多种多样，如细菌、真菌和植物。在真菌中，漆酶存在于子囊菌、半知菌、担子菌中，在许多降解木质素的白腐真菌中尤为丰富。漆酶既能降解酚类化合物，也能降解非酚类化合物。它们还具有使一系列环境污染物解毒的能力。由于它们具有使一系列污染物解毒的特性，它们已在包括造纸、制浆、纺织和石化工业在内的许多行业中用于多种目的。漆酶的其他一些应用包括在食品加工业、医疗保健领域。最近，漆酶已在其他领域得到应用，如在生物传感器设计和纳米技术中。本综述概述了漆酶的生物学功能、作用机制、漆酶介导体系以及从内生真菌中获得的漆酶的各种生物技术应用。
