Markus C Rob, Rogers Peter J, Brouns Fred, Schepers Robbie
Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience; Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Appetite. 2017 Jul 1;114:64-72. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.024. Epub 2017 Mar 19.
There is an increasing societal concern that consumption of specific foods such as sugar might become 'addictive' and, hence, promote weight gain. Claims about the addictiveness of sugar however are based largely on findings from few animal studies, whereas there is a lack of direct human evidence for symptoms of sugar-related substance dependence. The current study examined in a large sample of human participants whether foods mainly containing sugar in particular might cause 'addiction-like' problems that meet clinical DSM criteria for substance dependence, and, also whether in turn this relates to body weight and negative affectivity (depressed mood).
In a cross-sectional study, n = 1495 university students from a variety of faculties were assessed for DSM-related signs of food addiction for particular food categories (YFAS), and, also BMI and negative affectivity.
Results revealed that from the total sample, 95% experienced at least one symptom of food dependence and 12.6% met the YFAS classification for 'food addiction' as related to DSM-IV criteria. The majority of respondents experienced these problems for combined high-fat savoury (30%) and high-fat sweet (25%) foods, whereas only a minority experienced such problems for low-fat/savoury (2%) and mainly sugar-containing foods (5%). Overweight correlated only with addictive-like problems for high-fat savoury and high-fat sweet foods (P < 0.0001), while this was not found for foods mainly containing sugar.
The current findings indicate that sugary foods contribute minimally to 'food dependence' and increased risk of weight gain. Instead, they are consistent with the current scientific notion that food energy density, and the unique individual experience of eating, plays an important role in determining the reward value of food and promoting excessive energy intake.
社会越来越关注特定食物（如糖）的消费可能会变得“上瘾”，从而导致体重增加。然而，关于糖成瘾性的说法主要基于少数动物研究的结果，而缺乏关于糖相关物质依赖症状的直接人体证据。本研究在大量人类参与者样本中，检验了主要含糖的食物是否尤其会导致符合物质依赖临床《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）标准的“成瘾样”问题，以及这是否反过来与体重和负面情绪（抑郁情绪）有关。
在一项横断面研究中，对来自不同院系的1495名大学生进行了特定食物类别的食物成瘾相关DSM症状评估（耶鲁食物成瘾量表），同时还评估了体重指数（BMI）和负面情绪。
结果显示，在总样本中，95%的人至少经历过一种食物依赖症状，12.6%的人符合与DSM - IV标准相关的“食物成瘾”的耶鲁食物成瘾量表分类。大多数受访者对高脂肪咸味（30%）和高脂肪甜味（25%）食物组合出现这些问题，而只有少数人对低脂/咸味（2%）和主要含糖食物（5%）出现此类问题。超重仅与高脂肪咸味和高脂肪甜味食物的成瘾样问题相关（P < 0.0001），而主要含糖食物未发现这种情况。
目前的研究结果表明，含糖食物对“食物依赖”和体重增加风险的影响微乎其微。相反，它们与当前的科学观点一致，即食物能量密度以及独特的个人饮食体验在决定食物的奖励价值和促进能量摄入过多方面起着重要作用。
