Rak Agnieszka, Mellouk Namya, Froment Pascal, Dupont Joëlle
Department of Physiology and Toxicology of ReproductionInstitute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
INRAUMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France.
Reproduction. 2017 Jun;153(6):R215-R226. doi: 10.1530/REP-17-0002. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Adipokines, including adiponectin and resistin, are cytokines produced mainly by the adipose tissue. They play a significant role in metabolic functions that regulate the insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Alterations in adiponectin and resistin plasma levels, or their expression in metabolic and gonadal tissues, are observed in some metabolic pathologies, such as obesity. Several studies have shown that these two hormones and the receptors for adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are present in various reproductive tissues in both sexes of different species. Thus, these adipokines could be metabolic signals that partially explain infertility related to obesity, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Species and gender differences in plasma levels, tissue or cell distribution and hormonal regulation have been reported for resistin and adiponectin. Furthermore, until now, it has been unclear whether adiponectin and resistin act directly or indirectly on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. The objective of this review was to summarise the latest findings and particularly the species and gender differences of adiponectin and resistin on female and male reproduction known to date, based on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.
包括脂联素和抵抗素在内的脂肪因子是主要由脂肪组织产生的细胞因子。它们在调节胰岛素敏感性和炎症的代谢功能中发挥着重要作用。在一些代谢性疾病（如肥胖症）中，可观察到脂联素和抵抗素血浆水平的改变，或它们在代谢组织和性腺组织中的表达变化。多项研究表明，这两种激素以及脂联素受体AdipoR1和AdipoR2存在于不同物种两性的各种生殖组织中。因此，这些脂肪因子可能是部分解释与肥胖相关不孕症（如多囊卵巢综合征，PCOS）的代谢信号。关于抵抗素和脂联素，已有报道称其在血浆水平、组织或细胞分布以及激素调节方面存在物种和性别差异。此外，到目前为止，脂联素和抵抗素是否直接或间接作用于下丘脑 - 垂体 - 性腺轴尚不清楚。本综述的目的是基于下丘脑 - 垂体 - 性腺轴，总结最新研究结果，尤其是迄今为止已知的脂联素和抵抗素在雌性和雄性生殖方面的物种和性别差异。
