母亲早绝经与子代患糖尿病前期及2型糖尿病的风险：一项基于人群的队列研究
Early menopause in mothers and the risks of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in female and male offspring: a population-based cohort study.
作者信息
Noroozzadeh Mahsa, Mousavi Maryam, Naz Marzieh Saei Ghare, Farahmand Maryam, Azizi Fereidoun, Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh
机构信息
Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 23 Arabi Ave, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran.
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2025 May 22;23(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12958-025-01405-z.
BACKGROUND
Genetic factors and an unfavorable intrauterine environment may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders in offspring later in life. The present study aims to investigate and compare the risks of pre-diabetes mellitus (pre-DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and abnormal glucose tolerance in female and male offspring with early maternal menopausal age versus those with normal maternal menopausal age, later in life.
METHODS
In this prospective population-based study, there were 1,516 females and 1,563 males with normal maternal menopausal age, as well as 213 females and 237 males with early maternal menopausal age. Unadjusted and adjusted cox regression models were used to assess the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between early maternal menopausal age with pre-DM, T2DM and abnormal glucose tolerance in offspring. Statistical analysis was performed using the STATA software package; the significance level was set at P < 0.05.
RESULTS
The present study revealed a higher risk of pre-DM in female offspring with early maternal menopausal age compared to females with normal maternal menopausal age (unadjusted HR (95% CI): 1.42 (0.98, 2.05); P = 0.06 (marginal significant) and adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.00, 2.16); P = 0.04). Additionally, a higher risk of abnormal glucose tolerance among female offspring with early maternal menopausal age in adjusted model was observed (HR (95% CI): 1.13 (0.99-1.29); P = 0.06, marginal significant). However, no significant differences were observed in the risks of developing pre-DM and abnormal glucose tolerance in male offspring with early maternal menopausal age compared to males with normal maternal menopausal age in both unadjusted and adjusted models. No significant difference was observed in the risk of T2DM in the offspring with early maternal menopausal age compared to offspring with normal maternal menopausal age.
CONCLUSIONS
This pioneering study, characterized by a long-term follow-up, demonstrated that early maternal menopausal age is associated with an increased risk of developing pre-DM in female offspring later in life. It may be advisable to implement screening for pre-DM and glucose metabolism disorders in these female offspring.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
Not applicable.
背景
遗传因素和不良的子宫内环境可能导致后代在生命后期发生代谢紊乱。本研究旨在调查和比较母亲早绝经的女性和男性后代与母亲绝经年龄正常的后代在生命后期患糖尿病前期（pre-DM）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）和糖耐量异常的风险。
方法
在这项基于人群的前瞻性研究中，有1516名母亲绝经年龄正常的女性和1563名男性，以及213名母亲早绝经的女性和237名男性。使用未调整和调整后的Cox回归模型评估母亲早绝经与后代患pre-DM、T2DM和糖耐量异常之间关联的风险比（HRs）和95%置信区间（CIs）。使用STATA软件包进行统计分析；显著性水平设定为P < 0.05。
结果
本研究显示，与母亲绝经年龄正常的女性相比，母亲早绝经的女性后代患pre-DM的风险更高（未调整的HR（95%CI）：1.42（0.98，2.05）；P = 0.06（边缘显著），调整后的HR（95%CI）：1.47（1.00，2.16）；P = 0.04）。此外，在调整模型中观察到母亲早绝经的女性后代糖耐量异常风险更高（HR（95%CI）：1.13（0.99 - 1.29）；P = 0.06，边缘显著）。然而，在未调整和调整后的模型中，与母亲绝经年龄正常的男性相比，母亲早绝经的男性后代患pre-DM和糖耐量异常的风险没有显著差异。与母亲绝经年龄正常的后代相比，母亲早绝经的后代患T2DM的风险没有显著差异。
结论
这项具有长期随访特点的开创性研究表明，母亲早绝经与女性后代在生命后期患pre-DM的风险增加有关。对这些女性后代进行pre-DM和糖代谢紊乱的筛查可能是可取的。
临床试验编号
不适用。
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