Wagner Michael, Rietz Christian, Kaspar Roman, Janhsen Anna, Geithner Luise, Neise Michael, Kinne-Wall Carolin, Woopen Christiane, Zank Susanne
Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology (ISS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
ceres - Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 Feb;51(2):193-199. doi: 10.1007/s00391-017-1217-3. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
In Germany, the very old are the most rapidly growing proportion of the population. A comprehensive investigation of the conditions for a good quality of life in this group is relevant for both society and politics.
The project "Quality of life and subjective well-being of the very old in North Rhine-Westphalia" (NRW80+) at the University of Cologne surveys quality of life of the very old. Taking into account many specific methodological and theoretical challenges, it aims at setting up a specific theoretical framework and methodological approach.
Existing studies on quality of life in old age in Germany and abroad as well as models on quality of life are reviewed with respect to their relevance for the very old and their specific living conditions, needs and interests. A theoretical framework of quality of life in very old age is developed. The NRW80+ study combines three levels: the empirical level of description of life situations and conditions, the explanative level of evaluating models of quality of life and the normative level of societal and ethical standards and norms.
Considering results of recently conducted studies with the very old, an integrative conceptual model for studying quality of life of very old persons is introduced. In the model of challenges and potentials (CHAPO), environmental and individual factors as well as life chances and life results are thereby taken into consideration from a subjective as well as an objective point of view, supplemented by the concept of successful life conduct.
Starting from the CHAPO model of quality of life, the representative study NRW80+ aims at challenging methodological standards for the inclusion of the very old in social research thus providing the basis for further research as well as for sustainable social politics especially for the very old.
在德国，高龄人群在人口中所占比例增长最为迅速。全面调查该群体高质量生活的条件对社会和政治都具有重要意义。
科隆大学开展的“北莱茵 - 威斯特法伦州高龄人群的生活质量与主观幸福感”（NRW80 +）项目对高龄人群的生活质量进行了调查。考虑到诸多具体的方法和理论挑战，该项目旨在建立一个特定的理论框架和方法。
回顾了德国国内外关于老年生活质量的现有研究以及生活质量模型，考察其与高龄人群及其特定生活条件、需求和兴趣的相关性。构建了高龄人群生活质量的理论框架。NRW80 + 研究结合了三个层面：生活状况和条件描述的实证层面、生活质量评估模型的解释层面以及社会和伦理标准规范的规范层面。
基于近期对高龄人群的研究结果，引入了一个用于研究高龄人群生活质量的综合概念模型。在挑战与潜力模型（CHAPO）中，从主观和客观角度考虑了环境和个体因素以及生活机遇和生活成果，并辅以成功生活行为的概念。
以CHAPO生活质量模型为起点，具有代表性的NRW80 + 研究旨在挑战将高龄人群纳入社会研究的方法标准，从而为进一步研究以及特别是针对高龄人群的可持续社会政策提供基础。
