Ding G, Fondevila N, Palacio M A, Merke J, Martinez A, Camacho B, Aignasse A, Figini E, Rodriguez G, Lv L, Liu Z, Shi W
Rev Sci Tech. 2016 Dec;35(3):825-833. doi: 10.20506/rst.35.3.2572.
Honeybees are threatened by various pathogens and parasites. More than 18 viruses have been described in honeybees and many of them have been detected in China and Argentina. In China, both Apis cerana and Apis mellifera are raised. In Argentina, beekeepers raise different ecotypes of A. mellifera: European honeybees (in both temperate and subtropical regions) and Africanised honeybees (in subtropical areas only). A thorough study was carried out in both China and Argentina to analyse the current virus presence and distribution in different climatic zones and gather information on different bee species/subspecies. Adult honeybees were collected from apiaries in temperate and subtropical regions of China (including areas with exclusive populations of A. mellifera, areas where A. mellifera and A. cerana co-exist, and areas with exclusive populations of A. cerana) and Argentina. Six viruses, namely, deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), sacbrood virus (SBV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) were detected in China, both in A. cerana and in A. mellifera, while four viruses (DWV, BQCV, CBPV and ABPV) were present in Argentina. Interestingly, multiple infections were commonly found in China, with up to five different viruses co-circulating in some colonies without apparent abnormalities. In this study, no Chinese samples were positive for slow bee paralysis virus. The most prevalent viruses were BQCV (China) and DWV (Argentina). Kashmir bee virus was absent from samples analysed for both countries.
蜜蜂受到各种病原体和寄生虫的威胁。在蜜蜂中已发现超过18种病毒，其中许多在中国和阿根廷都有检测到。在中国，中华蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂都有养殖。在阿根廷，养蜂人养殖不同生态型的西方蜜蜂：欧洲蜜蜂（分布在温带和亚热带地区）和非洲化蜜蜂（仅分布在亚热带地区）。在中国和阿根廷都进行了一项全面研究，以分析不同气候区当前病毒的存在情况和分布，并收集有关不同蜜蜂种类/亚种的信息。从中国（包括西方蜜蜂纯种群地区、西方蜜蜂和中华蜜蜂共存地区以及中华蜜蜂纯种群地区）和阿根廷的温带和亚热带地区的养蜂场采集成年蜜蜂。在中国，在中华蜜蜂和西方蜜蜂中均检测到六种病毒，即残翅病毒（DWV）、黑蜂王台病毒（BQCV）、囊状幼虫病毒（SBV）、慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒（CBPV）、急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒（ABPV）和以色列急性麻痹病毒（IAPV），而在阿根廷检测到四种病毒（DWV、BQCV、CBPV和ABPV）。有趣的是，在中国通常发现多重感染，在一些蜂群中多达五种不同病毒同时传播，且无明显异常。在本研究中，没有中国样本对慢蜜蜂麻痹病毒呈阳性。最普遍的病毒在中国是BQCV，在阿根廷是DWV。两国分析的样本中均未检测到克什米尔蜜蜂病毒。
