Brown Mark A, Lacroix Guy
Department of Psychology, Carleton University.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2017 Dec;71(4):274-282. doi: 10.1037/cep0000129. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
Function learning research has shown that people tend to underestimate positive linear functions when extrapolating Y for X-values below the training range. Kwantes and Neal (2006) proposed that this underestimation occurs because people anchor their Y-estimates at zero. It is equally plausible, however, that people are biased to make Y-estimates similar to the presented X-value. To differentiate these 2 explanations, 135 participants extrapolated positive linear functions with a y-intercept either greater than or less than zero. In line with the anchoring hypothesis, participants underestimated in the lower extrapolation region when the y-intercept was positive, but overestimated when the y-intercept was negative. These results are consistent with a version of the extrapolation association model (EXAM; Delosh, Busemeyer, & McDaniel, 1997), which proposes that people interpolate linearly between the training exemplars and zero in the lower extrapolation region. (PsycINFO Database Record
函数学习研究表明，当人们对训练范围以下的X值进行Y值外推时，往往会低估正线性函数。夸恩茨和尼尔（2006年）提出，这种低估的发生是因为人们将Y估计值锚定在零。然而，同样合理的是，人们倾向于做出与所呈现的X值相似的Y估计。为了区分这两种解释，135名参与者对截距大于或小于零的正线性函数进行了外推。与锚定假设一致，当截距为正时，参与者在较低外推区域低估；而当截距为负时，参与者高估。这些结果与外推关联模型（EXAM；德洛什、布西梅尔和麦克丹尼尔，1997年）的一个版本一致，该模型提出，人们在较低外推区域内，在训练样本和零之间进行线性内插。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
