Tewksbury Lisa, Casagrande Richard A, Cappuccino Naomi, Kenis Marc
Department of Plant Sciences and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881 (
Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 (
Environ Entomol. 2017 Apr 1;46(2):226-236. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx049.
Three larval parasitoids were imported from Europe to control the lily leaf beetle, Lilioceris lilii Scopoli (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), an accidentally introduced herbivore of native and cultivated lilies in North America. Tetrastichus setifer Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was introduced in Massachusetts in 1999, and was found to be established there in 2002. Subsequent releases of T. setifer were made and two additional parasitoids, Lemophagus errabundus Szepligeti (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Diaparsis jucunda (Holmgren) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), were introduced. The establishment and distribution of the three parasitoids was evaluated through 2016. Tetrastichus setifer is now established in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Maine, Connecticut, and Ontario, Canada. Lemophagus errabundus is established in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and D. jucunda is established in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Maine. All three parasitoids have spread at least 10 km from release sites. The establishment of T. setifer is associated with a substantial reduction of L. lilii. In time it is likely that the parasitoids will spread throughout the North American range of L. lilii. This process can be accelerated to protect ornamental and native lilies by collecting and redistributing parasitoids to new infestations of L. lilii.
从欧洲引进了三种幼虫寄生蜂，用于控制百合叶甲（Lilioceris lilii Scopoli，鞘翅目：叶甲科），这是一种意外引入北美的、以当地和人工种植的百合为食的食草动物。1999年，苏氏啮小蜂（Tetrastichus setifer Thomson，膜翅目：姬小蜂科）被引入马萨诸塞州，并于2002年在该地定殖。随后又释放了苏氏啮小蜂，并引入了另外两种寄生蜂，即迷走长颊茧蜂（Lemophagus errabundus Szepligeti，膜翅目：茧蜂科）和秀丽盘绒茧蜂（Diaparsis jucunda (Holmgren)，膜翅目：茧蜂科）。对这三种寄生蜂截至2016年的定殖和分布情况进行了评估。苏氏啮小蜂现已在马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州、新罕布什尔州、缅因州、康涅狄格州以及加拿大安大略省定殖。迷走长颊茧蜂在马萨诸塞州和罗德岛州定殖，秀丽盘绒茧蜂在马萨诸塞州、罗德岛州、康涅狄格州和缅因州定殖。这三种寄生蜂均已从释放地点扩散了至少10公里。苏氏啮小蜂的定殖与百合叶甲数量的大幅减少有关。随着时间的推移，这些寄生蜂很可能会扩散到北美百合叶甲的整个分布范围。通过收集寄生蜂并将其重新释放到百合叶甲新的侵染区域，可以加速这一过程，从而保护观赏百合和原生百合。
