Vaidya H, Cheema S K
Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada.
Pediatr Obes. 2018 May;13(5):285-291. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12215. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
An imbalance of omega (n)-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during critical periods of development may have adverse effects on the health of the newborn in later life.
We hypothesized that breastmilk with higher n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio will have higher inflammatory cytokines and initiate cellular events similar to insulin resistance and obesity.
Breastmilk was collected from healthy women who gave natural birth at full term. Breastmilk fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography; samples were pooled based on the n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio (high, medium and low), and soluble cytokines were measured. Pooled samples were used to treat 3T3-L1 cells; mRNA expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, leptin and RPLPO was measured.
Breastmilk with a higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA showed higher pro-inflammatory cytokines; there was a direct correlation between n-6 PUFA and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Breastmilk with a higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA increased the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines in breastmilk are associated with higher levels of n-6 PUFA in breastmilk and has the capacity to alter adipose tissue metabolism to likely predispose the newborn to a higher risk of obesity in later life.
在发育的关键时期，ω（n）-3和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）失衡可能会对新生儿日后的健康产生不利影响。
我们假设n-6与n-3 PUFA比例较高的母乳会含有更高水平的炎性细胞因子，并引发类似于胰岛素抵抗和肥胖的细胞事件。
收集足月自然分娩的健康女性的母乳。使用气相色谱法测量母乳中的脂肪酸；根据n-6与n-3 PUFA比例（高、中、低）对样本进行合并，并测量可溶性细胞因子。使用合并后的样本处理3T3-L1细胞；测量二酰基甘油酰基转移酶2、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶-1、瘦素和RPLPO的mRNA表达。
n-6与n-3 PUFA比例较高的母乳显示出更高水平的促炎细胞因子；n-6 PUFA与促炎细胞因子之间存在直接相关性。n-6与n-3 PUFA比例较高的母乳增加了参与脂肪生成的基因的表达。
母乳中的促炎细胞因子与母乳中较高水平的n-6 PUFA有关，并且有能力改变脂肪组织代谢，可能使新生儿在日后生活中患肥胖症的风险更高。
